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Post by Catsmate on Nov 26, 2020 15:28:36 GMT
24NOV
In 380CE Theodosius I makes his formal entry (adventus) into Constantinople. The adventus was a Roman ceremony in which an emperor was formally welcomed into a city.
In 1190 Conrad of Montferrat marries Isabella I of Jerusalem becoming de jure King of Jerusalem though it will be two years before he is officially elected to the post.
In 1227 in Poland the Gąsawa bloodbath occurs; at an assembly of Piast dukes, near the village of Gąsawa in Kujawy, Polish High Duke Leszek the White, Duke Henry the Bearded and others are attacked by assassins while bathing. The High Duke of Poland, Leszek the White, was killed while Henry the Bearded was gravely wounded. It's not known with certainly who was responsible for the attack, though Świętopełk of Pomerania is a favoured candidate and Duke Władysław Odonic, an ally of Świętopełk, another. Whomever was responsible the massacre worsened the feudal fragmentation of Poland.
In 1248 an overnight landslide on the north side of Mont Granier, in the Chartreuse Mountains in France, ytterlyd estroys five villages and partially destroys two more. The event was one of the largest historical rockslope failures ever recorded in Europe, releasing a huge mass of limestone which slid into the valley, causing a massive landslide that destroyed the villages of Cognin, Granier, Vourey, Saint-André, and Saint-Pérange and partially destroyed Myans and Les Murs, with over a thousand fatalities. It also created the sheer 700m north face of the mountain.
In 1359 after the abdication of king Hugh IV of Cyprus, his surviving second son is crowned Peter I in the Cathedral of Santa Sophia. Peter was a generally unsuccessful monarch, mainly due to the internal disputes in the kingdom that would culminate in his assassination.
In 1429 Joan of Arc and her forces end the unsuccessful siege of La Charité, ordered by Charles VII after the warlord Perrinet Gressard seized the town in 1423. Joan's forces were poorly supplied and equipped and the weather was terrible.
In 1542 at the Battle of Solway Moss an English army defeats a much larger Scottish force near the River Esk in Dumfries and Galloway, on the English side of the Anglo-Scottish border. The battle was the result of a major raid launched into south-west Scotland by the forces of Henry VIII, in response to the refusal of the Scottish King James V to break from the Catholic Church, as urged by his uncle Henry VIII.
In 1642 Abel Tasman becomes (probably) the first European to discover the island Van Diemen's Land (later Tasmania). Tasman was almost certainly the first European to land on the shores of Tasmania, at Blackman Bay. Between 1772 and 1798, only the southeastern portion of the island was visited. Tasmania was not known to be an island until Jacob Craig and George Bass circumnavigated it in Norfolk in 1798–1799.
In 1750 Tarabai, regent of the Maratha Empire, imprisons Rajaram II of Satara for refusing to remove Balaji Baji Rao from the post of peshwa. Tarabai is an interesting historical figure; as regent for her grandson she took charge of the war against the Mughals, and was skilled in cavalry operations and made strategic movements herself during wars. She personally led the war and continued the fight against the Mughals. In 1740s Tarabai produced a child to him, whom she claimed as her grandson, who had been concealed after his birth for his protection and had been raised by the wife of a Rajput soldier. The child would become Rajaram II but would be repudiated and imprisoned by Tarabai, who claimed he was an impostor from Gondhali caste and she had falsely presented him as her grandson.
In 1832 the United States enters a political crisis when the state legislature of South Carolina passes the Ordinance of Nullification, declaring the Federal Tariffs of 1828 and 1832 to be null and void in the state. Thus began the Nullification Crisis. The background is complicated and involves the struggle between the advocates of the United States being a union between distinct states and those of the coutry being one republic. 'Nullification' was the constitutional theory that a state could declare Federal law null within that state. The Federal Tariffs of 1828 and 1832 were strongly opposed in the South as harmful to their agrarian economies. Historically the crisis was averted when a political compromise was arranged before a serious confrontation could occur.
In 1835 Provincial Government of Texas authorises the creation of a horse-mounted police force called the Texas Rangers The likely people to encounter when investigating odd goings-on in the desert.
In 1850 Danish troops defeat a Schleswig-Holstein force in the town of Lottorf in Schleswig-Holstein, and event known as the Battle of Lottorf, though only about ninety soldiers were involved and one killed. The skirmish was part of the First Schleswig War.
In 1859 Charles Darwin publishes On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life usually known simply as On the Origin of Species. The book was published by Murray's priced at fifteen shillings and with a first printing of only 1,250 copies. Today a first edition of the book would be worth around €200,000.
In 1863 the Chattanooga Campaign continues with the Battle of Lookout Mountain, near Chattanooga. Union forces, under General Joseph Hooker, attack and capture Lookout Mountain and begin to break the Confederate siege of the city led by General Braxton Bragg.
In 1877 Anna Sewell's novel Black Beauty is published.
In 1917 a bomb, wrapped as a package, is found next to an evangelical church in the Third Ward of Milwaukee and brought to the central police station at Oneida and Broadway. There it is stored, and being examined by the shift commander (a Lieutenant Flood) when it detonates, killing nine police officers. The origin of the bomb is never ascertained.
In 1927 the fourth annual Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade in New York City includes a new feature, a large balloon of a popular cartoon character, Felix the Cat. This would become a tradition in the parades from 1933 onward.
1932 in Washington DC the FBI Scientific Crime Detection Laboratory officially opens. A place where many an odd object could be sent...
In 1962 the influential British satirical television programme That Was the Week That Was is first broadcast.
In 1963 Lee Harvey Oswald, the assassin(?) of President John F. Kennedy is shot and killed by Jack Ruby.
In 1965 Joseph-Désiré Mobutu seizes power in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and becomes President; he rules the country (which he renames Zaire in 1971) for over 30 years, until being overthrown by rebels in 1997.
- The Congo has seen a lot of weirdness. From Leopold's genocidal slave state, to Roland the Headless Thompson Gunner, from supplying the uranium for the Manhattan Project to Conrad's Heart of Darkness, from the strange death of Dag Hammarskjöld to the equally strange wildlife, from Tshombe's use of magic to stop bullets to the origin of of AIDS and Ebola, from centuries of the slave trade to the return of the whips and knives during the Second World War. Voodoo rites, surviving dinosaurs (and their Earth Reptile masters), the "natural" nuclear reactors of Oklo, the UFO's of '52 and '63 (the latter featured a mid air explosion and unusual material recovered), the lost cities of Kôr (Haggard), Opar (Burroughs), the Grey City of the White Apes (Lovecraft), and Zinj (Crichton) and much, much, more.
In 1966 Bulgarian TABSO Flight 101 crashes near Bratislava in Czechoslovakia, killing all 82 people on board. There are a couple of interesting things about this seemingly routine crash. Firstly the rather extreme conflicts between the Bulgarians and Czechs about the enquiry (and the sheer number of people involved). Secondly the story that the airliner was carrying radioactive material (actually true; this was confirmed on 08DEC when it was revealed that two steel-lead containers of iodine-131, for medical uses, were on board). And finally there'e the od suicide of one of the Bulgarian investigators, Supreme Court investigating magistrate Nedyu Ganchev, who supposedly committed suicide during the closing stages of the investigation after telling friends that "I cannot do what they insist I should do."
In 1969 the Apollo 12 command module ('Yankee Clipper') splashes down safely in the Pacific Ocean at 20:58 UTC though Alan Bean is knocked unconscious by a 16mm film camera that was dislodged.
In 1971 during a severe thunderstorm over Washington state, a hijacker calling himself Dan Cooper (aka D. B. Cooper) parachutes from a Northwest Orient Airlines plane with $200,000 in ransom money. He has never been found. One of those enduring mysteries. Cooper obtained the ransom and left the plane in flight via the cargo hatch (something later rendered impossible) and has never been seen again. It remains the only unsolved case of air piracy in commercial aviation history.
In 1974 Donald Johanson and Tom Gray discover the 40% complete Australopithecus afarensis skeleton, later nicknamed "Lucy" in the Awash Valley of Ethiopia's Afar Depression. The Lucy skeleton is an early australopithecine and is dated to about 3.2 million years ago, with a small skull akin to that of non-hominin apes, plus evidence of a walking-gait that was bipedal and upright, akin to that of humans. This it supports the view of human evolution that bipedalism preceded increase in brain size.
In 1976 the Çaldıran–Muradiye earthquake strikes eastern Turkey at 14:22 local time, with it's epicenter located near Çaldıran, 20km northeast of Muradiye. Over 2,000km2 is severely damaged and between 4,000 and 5,000 people are killed.
Comments? Ideas?
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Post by missyfan45 on Nov 26, 2020 23:49:03 GMT
Donald Johanson and Tom Gray,Joseph-Désiré Mobutu, Jack Ruby,Joseph Hooker,Rajaram II of Satara, Balaji Baji Rao,Tarabai,Anna Sewell, Conrad of Montferrat,Hugh IV of Cyprus, Abel Tasman, Theodosius I, and Lee Harvey Oswald are good people to meet. The DB Cooper hijaciing could be a good ygon or Chameleon imposter type story. And the Ordinance of Nullification could lead to a early civil war in a ah.
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Catsmate
13th Incarnation
It's complicated....
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Post by Catsmate on Nov 27, 2020 19:39:03 GMT
25NOV
In 571BCE Servius Tullius, sixth (and second last) king of Rome, celebrates the first of his three triumphs for his victory over the Etruscans. Not a lot is known about Servius, and many of the sources are contradictory; his origins have been describes as servile and divine, he married a daughter of Lucius Tarquinius Priscus (who'd been Rome's first Etruscan king, assassinated 579BCE). The manner of his access is also unknown, he may have seen elected by the Senate, or not, or by a popular vote. His mother may have been a captured Latin princess enslaved by the Romans, and there is a legend of a "ring of ire" around his head. Or he may have been an Etruscan mercenary. However he achieved the throne, Servius was a popular king, one of Rome's great benefactors, who dramatically expanded the city-state and achieved military success against the Veii and the Etruscans. Servius was murdered by his daughter Tullia and his son-in-law, the infanous Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, who became Tarquin, the last king of Rime.
- Plenty of scope and space for some oddities there, among the historical research opportunities.
- Then there are the Etruscans. Their civilization co-existed with, and was absorbed by, Rome. At their height they controlled what is now Tuscany most of Umbria and more. However little is known of them because the Etruscan language remains only partly understood, hence most of what is known is filtered through Roman and Greek sources. Certainly the absorption of the Etruscans was an element of the Roman rise to supremacy in the Italian peninsula. But very little is known of Etruscan society, art or language.
In 1034CE Máel Coluim mac Cináeda (Malcolm II), King of the Scots, dies. He is succeeded by his young grandson, Donnchad. Not a lot is known about either of them, one of the principal sources is the the Prophecy of Berchán, a lengthy historical poem written in Middle Irish by an Irish abbot named Berchán, which refers to him as "the Destroyer".
- The Prophecy consists of a history of Berchán's own monastery, a recounting of Viking attacks,and descriptions of the reigns of nineteen Irish kings. The second part allegedly prophesies the life of Columba, King Áedán mac Gabráin, and 24 Scottish kings.
Malcolm II was not the King of "Scotland", there was no such nation at the time and Malcolm was one of several kings within the geographical boundaries of modern Scotland. According to one account Malcolm is killed fighting bandits.
In 1120 the 'White Ship' sinks in the English Channel, drowning William Adelin, son and heir of Henry I of England. The sinking occurred near the Normandy coast off Barfleur, when the ship's port side struck a submerged rock called Quillebœuf, and the ship quickly capsized; the accident was due principally (it is believed) to the drunkenness and recklessness of the crew. The three hundred dead included a significant number of the nobility of England; as well as William Adelin (who was the only legitimate son of Henry I and his heir), his half-sister Matilda, his half-brother Richard, Richard d'Avranches, 2nd Earl of Chester, Geoffrey Ridel and more. The resulting succession crisis led to a period known as the Anarchy, a period of civil war in England and Normandy between 1135 and 1153, which caused a widespread breakdown in law and order. Henry's attempts to install his daughter, the Empress Matilda, as his successor failed and he was challenged by Henry's nephew, Stephen of Blois, who eventually seized the throne.
- Interestingly Stephen of Blois had been aboard the White Ship but had disembarked due to the excessive drinking of the crew...
In 1177 Baldwin IV of Jerusalem and Raynald of Châtillon defeat Saladin at the Battle of Montgisard. The battle saw an outnumbered Christian force defeat Saladin's troops in what became one of the most notable engagements of the Middle Ages, quickly routing the Muslim army and pursuing it for around twenty kilometres. Saladin fled to Cairo and lost around four-fifths of his forces. Notably at the time Baldwin was sixteen and seriously afflicted by leprosy.
In 1343 a powerful earthquake in the Tyrrhenian Sea generates a tsunami which devastates the coastal cities of the region, including Naples and the Maritime Republic of Amalfi.
siege of Granada In 1487 Elizabeth of York is crowned Queen of England after marrying Henry VII after his victory at the Battle of Bosworth Field. Elizabeth produced seven children and was the sister to the "Princes in the Tower".
In 1491 the Siege of Granada, the last Moorish stronghold in Spain, ends with the Treaty of Granada. The siege had lasted eight-months, with the situation for the defenders growing progressively dire (schemes and plots abounded within the city, as did bribery and corruption; at least one of the chief advisers to the city's rule seems to have been working for Castile). In fact Granada had capitulated two months before the treaty but the chaos within the city precluded effective negotiations.
- The most notable element of the Granada War was the power of gunpowder artillery; the use of bombards and cannon had greatly reduced the many sieges of the war. This foreshadowed the rise of the Gunpowder Empires.
In 1510 Portuguese naval forces under the command of Afonso de Albuquerque, and local mercenaries working for privateer Timoji, seize Goa from the Bijapur Sultanate, beginning 451 years of Portuguese colonial rule. In fact Goa was not among the cities Albuquerque had received orders to conquer, the operation was his own idea.
In 1667 the city of Shemakha in the Caucasus is nearly destroyed by a powerful earthquake; around eighty thousand people are killed.
In 1678 during the Trunajaya rebellion, the allied Mataram and Dutch troops successfully assaulted the rebel stronghold of Kediri after a long and logistically challenging march.
In 1758 during the French and Indian War British forces capture Fort Duquesne, at the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers in Pennsylvania, from French control. It will be replaced by Fort Pitt, and the site will grow into the city of Pittsburgh.
In 1759 an immensely powerful, magnitude ~7.4, earthquake hits the Eastern Mediterranean at about 7:30PM, destroying Beirut and Damascus and many towns and villages. Around 30,000-40,000 people are killed.
In 1783 on Evacuation Day the last British troops leave New York City three months after the signing of the Treaty of Paris. In their wake, General George Washington triumphantly led the Continental Army from his headquarters north of the city across the Harlem River, and south through Manhattan to the Battery at its southern tip. Also evacuated were more than 3,000 Black Loyalists, former slaves they had liberated from the Americans; this refusal to return them to their American slaveholders and overseers was a violation of the provisions of the Treaty of Paris, Washington's entry to the city was delayed until a still-flying British Union Flag could be removed; it had been nailed to a flagpole at Fort George (on the Battery at the southern tip of Manhattan) as a final act of defiance, and the pole was greased.
In 1795 the third, and for the time final, Partition of Poland occurs; Stanisław August Poniatowski, the last king of independent Poland, is forced to abdicate and is exiled to Saint Petersburg in Russia. Many thousande of other Poles also left the country; many of them became the revolutionaries of the 19th century, as desire for freedom became one of the defining parts of Polish romanticism..
In 1833 a massively powerful undersea earthquake, estimated magnitude between 8.7 and 9.2, rocks Sumatra at around 10PM, producing a huge tsunami all along the Indonesian coast. There are no records of the fatalities, but they were probably enormous.
In 1839 a powerful tropical cyclone impacts Andhra Pradesh in south-eastern India; high winds and a twelve mentre storm surge destroys the port city of Coringa and throws thousands of boats inland. The total death toll is estimated at about one-third-of-a-million.
In 1863 the Chattanooga Campaign continues with the Battle of Missionary Ridge. Union forces capture Missionary Ridge and defeat the Confederate Army of Tennessee, under Braxton Bragg, forcing it to retreat to Georgia.
In 1864 a small group of Confederate operatives calling themselves the Confederate Army of Manhattan attempts to burn the city of New York, starting fires in more than twenty locations. The original plan of the eight (or so) operatives led by Jacob Thompson was to disrupt the 1864 election earlier in the month but this was frustrated by a heavy military presence. Instead they waited until 25NOV when, at 8:45PM on that cold Friday night, the group attempted to simultaneously start fires in 19 hotels (including the 5th Ward Museum Hotel, Astor House, the Belmont Hotel, the Fifth Avenue Hotel, the Howard Hotel, La Farge House, Lovejoy's Hotel, the Metropolitan Hotel, the St. James Hotel, the St. Nicholas Hotel, the Tammany Hotel, and the United States Hotel), a theatre (the Winter Garden Playhouse where many had paid dollars to see three Booth brothers [Edwin, Junius and John Wilkes; the latter had arrived that day from Baltimore]), and P. T. Barnum's American Museum.
- At the theatre Edwin Booth, costumed as Brutus and alone on stage, calmed the packed crowd when an incendiary was thrown into the building. There was little damage.
- In fact all but one of the attacks failed, the incendiary mixture had been sabotaged.
- The exception was Barnum's (which had been rebuilt after being burnt down in the Draft Riots of the previous year); there an incendiary was thrown into hay bales, creating the only significant fire of the evening. This caused more commotion when animals from the menagerie escaped and caused mayhem. One ostrich ran as far as Union Square while monkeys hid in St. Paul’s Cemetery. A more human performer, the "eight foot tall" Female Giant headed to Donnelley's Saloon and demanded whiskey on the house.
- One person was seriously annoyed. Despite his Confederate sympathies John Wilkes Booth was enraged by the disruption to his performance and his plans to seduce Lucy Kane, who played Calpurnia.
After the failure, the raiders took the train to Canada. Only one was ever captured.
- An interesting evening for a visit to the Big Apple.
- And don't forget that throughout the ACW the city was a morass of espionage, sabotage and more.
In 1876 in retaliation for the American defeat at the Battle of the Little Bighorn, United States Army troops attack and sack the sleeping village of Cheyenne Chief Dull Knife at the headwaters of the Powder River The battle essentially ended the Northern Cheyennes' ability to continue the fight for their freedom on the Great Plains.
In 1908 a fire breaks out on SS Sardinia as it leaves Malta's Grand Harbour, resulting in the ship's grounding and the deaths of at least 118 people. The passenger-cargo ship was carrying Moroccan pilgrims on the way to Mecca. It is believed that a cooking fire on deck accidentally ignited a shipment of nitrates and naphtha in one of the ship's cargo holds, resulting in a number of explosions and causing the ship to run aground. The Sardinia had departed at 9:45AM carrying 193 people (39 crew, 12 first class passengers and 142 steerage passengers) to Alexandria. Soon after the vessel left the harbour, fumes were seen coming out of a ventilator on the ship's port side; while the crew attempted to fight the fire by hosing it with water down the ventilator their efforts were futile. In less than ten minutes, the Sardinia was engulfed by flames. While attempting to turn, heading back to the harbour, the ship ran aground off Fort Ricasoli. Multiple explosions tore through the vessel, blowing off hatches and killing many. Many of the Moroccan passengers, who included many women and children, had been below deck and died. In all 118 people died.
In 1915 Albert Einstein presents the field equations of general relativity to the Prussian Academy of Sciences.
In 1917 German forces defeat Portuguese army of about 1,200 at Negomano (on the border of modern-day Mozambique and Tanzania). The battle was part of the almost forgotten East African Campaign of World War I. A force of Germans and Askaris under Paul Emil von Lettow-Vorbeck had recently won a costly victory against the British at the Battle of Mahiwa, but were short of food and other supplies. Hence the invasion of what was then Portuguese East Africa.The battle saw the Portuguese force nearly destroyed, with many troops killed and captured. The capitulation of the Portuguese enabled the Germans to seize a large quantity of supplies and continue operations in East Africa until the end of the war.
In 1926 the deadliest November tornado outbreak in US history kills at least 107 people and injures more than 400. The outbreak was notable, in addition to the fatalities, for producing several long-duration and strong, tornadoes.
In 1950 the Great Appalachian Storm impacts 22 American states, killing 353 people, injuring over 160, and causing vast damages. The storm was a large extratropical cyclone which moved through the Eastern United States, causing significant winds, heavy rainfall east of the Appalachian Mountains, and blizzard conditions along the western slopes of the mountains. Winds sustained hurricane-force levels an peaked at over 180km/h at sea level, and over 260km/h in the highlands of New England. Over a million people suffered power disruptions.
In 1952 Agatha Christie's murder-mystery play The Mousetrap opens at the Ambassadors Theatre in London. It will become the longest continuously-running play in history (continuously until the COVID-19 outbreak) There is no evidence of extra-terrestrial influence in the work. The play has a twist ending, which the audience are traditionally asked not to reveal after leaving the theatre.
In 1952 after 42 days of fighting, the Battle of Triangle Hill ends with Chinese victory, American and South Korean units abandon their attempt to capture the "Iron Triangle". More significantly the defeat of UN forces show the Chinese their attrition strategy could be effective; the high UN casualties forced General Mark Clark to suspend any upcoming offensive operations involving more than one battalion, effectively preventing any major UN offensives for the rest of the war. Clark and US President Harry Truman later confided that the battle was a serious blow to the UN morale.
In 1960 three of the Mirabal sisters of the Dominican Republic are murdered by secret police of dictator Rafael Trujillo. The Mirabal sisters were four sisters, known commonly as Patria, Minerva, María Teresa, and Dedé, who opposed the dictatorship of Rafael Trujillo (El Jefe) in the Dominican Republic and were involved in clandestine activities against his regime. On 25NOV1960 three of the sisters (Patria, Minerva and María Teresa) were murdered. The killings turned the Mirabal sisters into symbols of popular resistance and brought attention to the Caribbean dictatorship.
In 1970 in Japan the nationalist and militarist author Yukio Mishima and one compatriot commit ritualistic seppuku after an unsuccessful coup attempt. Mishima praised the traditional culture and spirit of Japan and opposed Japan's postwar democracy and globalism. He and four members of his "militia" entered a military base in central Tokyo, took the commandant hostage, and attempted to inspire the Japan Self-Defense Forces to rise up and overthrow Japan's 1947 Constitution, which he called "a constitution of defeat". The attempt was an utter failure.
In 1987 Typhoon Nina pummels the Philippines with winds of 280km/h and a surge that destroys entire villages. At least 1,036 deaths are attributed to the storm.
In 2000 the Baku region of Azerbaijan is struck by a magnitude 7.0 earthquake, the strongest earthquake in the region in 158 years. The earthquake struck at 22:09 (local time) with an epicenter just offshore Baku. 26 people are killed.
In 2008 Cyclone Nisha strikes India and Sri Lanka, covering the area with the highest rainfall in nine decades, in some cases over 900mm in 24 hours. Over two hundred people are killed.
In 2009 freak rains swamp the city of Jeddah on the Red Sea coast of Saudi Arabia during an ongoing Hajj pilgrimage. Three thousand cars are swept away and at least 122 are killed, with over 350 others missing.
Comments? Ideas?
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Post by missyfan45 on Nov 28, 2020 0:21:09 GMT
Yukio Mishima,Mark Clark,Edwin Booth,Lucy Kane, Stanisław August Poniatowski,Elizabeth of York,Rafael Trujillo,Afonso de Albuquerque,Servius Tullius,William Adelin,Máel Coluim mac Cináeda,and Raynald of Châtillon are good people to meet. The opening of The Mousetrap could be good for time tourists to witness. And The white ship could have been sunk by the Saturnynes or the Silurians.
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Catsmate
13th Incarnation
It's complicated....
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Post by Catsmate on Nov 28, 2020 12:38:37 GMT
Yukio Mishima,Mark Clark,Edwin Booth,Lucy Kane, Stanisław August Poniatowski,Elizabeth of York,Rafael Trujillo,Afonso de Albuquerque,Servius Tullius,William Adelin,Máel Coluim mac Cináeda,and Raynald of Châtillon are good people to meet. The opening of The Mousetrap could be good for time tourists to witness. And The white ship could have been sunk by the Saturnynes or the Silurians. The premiere of The Mousetrap would indeed attract quite a number of time travellers. In fact it could be a place for someone looking for a time traveller to try and find one. Assuming the Limelight Effect doesn't prevent too many extra-temporal visitors.
I have a few ideas around the attempted burning of New York. Basically the travellers arrive, unaware of this rather obscure bit of history, and get entangled in events (by finding someone suspicious in their hotel). Of course there's someone from elsewhen meddling with matters, providing the Confederate agents with batter incendiaries (Fenian Fire, thermite, plasma bombs...). The meddler's is, of course, using the Confederates; the plan is to cause far more death and destruction to discredit the Confederates and influence later events (the disputed election of 1877, the 'Great Compromise', Radical Reconstruction et cetera). The twist is the the meddler recognises the travellers, because their timelines are twisted. Thhis is their first encounter with him/her/them but earlier in the meddler's timeline they frustrated his plot to meddle with the election earlier that month.
'Evacuation Day' could be a bit of sight-seeing that leads to a plot/misunderstanding that endangers Anglo-American relations.
Von Lettow-Vorbeck is an interesting character and the African campaign is a forgotten part of the Great War, with plenty of possibilities for weirdness in the "Dark Continent".
The various storms could be the result of alien/extra-dimensional effects.
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Catsmate
13th Incarnation
It's complicated....
Posts: 3,753
Favourite Doctors: Thirteen, Six, Five, Two, Eight, Eleven, Twelve, One, Nine...
Traits: Eccentric, Insatiable Curiousity.
Member is Online
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Post by Catsmate on Nov 28, 2020 21:55:28 GMT
26NOV
In 783CE Adosinda, Queen of Asturians, is confined to a monastery to prevent her kin from retaking the throne from Mauregatus. The politics of the affair were moderately complicated. Adosinda was a daughter of King Alfonso I of Asturias, who was succeeded by his son (her brother) Fruela The Cruel), who (perhaps unsurprisingly given the sobriquet) was assassinated in 768. There ensured a conflict between Adosinda's nephew Alfonso (son of her late brother) and her half brother Mauregato (an illegitimate son of Alfonso I). Mauregato seized the throne, leading Adosinda and her nephew seeking refuge in Alava. Due to the support she gave her nephew, her position in court became insecure and she was forced to enter the Monastery de San Juan de Santianes de Pravia. She is believed to have spend the rest of her life there.
In 1161 the Battle of Caishi is fought between the fleets of the Song dynasty and those of the Jin dynasty ships, on the Yangtze river. This was one engagement of the lengthy the Jin–Song Wars and ended in an overwhelming Song victory. The primary reason for that victory was technological; the Sung ships (about 350 of them) incorporated paddle wheels (driven by human effort) and gunpowder and pyrotechnic weapons, the fruit of a strategy developed by Chen Kangbo, prime minister of the Song dynasty and their chief military strategist, as well as commander of the navy. The Song ships used catapults to launch bombs containing a mixture of gunpowder, additional sulphur and lime at the Jin ships.
In 1476 Vlad the Impaler, is crowned Voivode [~prince]r of Wallachia for the third time. His forces, allied to those of Stephen the Great and Stephen V Báthory, had defeated Basarab Laiota around 15NOV. His victory is short lived, later that year Laiotă returns from the Ottoman Empire with their support in December and Vlad III is killed by the Ottomans sometime in late December 1476 or early January 1477. It's believed that he and his Moldavian retinue had been massacred, with Vlad himself being cut to pieced and his head sent to the Ottoman ruler, Mehmed I.
In 1778 in the Hawaiian Islands Captain James Cook becomes the first European to visit Maui. Cook was again in command of HMS Resolution, accompanied by HMS Discovery under Captain Charles Clerke; the voyage was principally intended to locate the (then) mythical Northwest Passage around the American continent.
In 1805 the Pontcysyllte Aqueduct, designed and built by Thomas Telford, sees it's formal openeing. The aqueduct carries the Llangollen Canal across the River Dee in the Vale of Llangollen in northeast Wales and remains the longest aqueduct in Britain, 307m long and 3.7m wide, intended for narrowboat traffic. The plaque commemorating the opening says:
In 1812 during Napoleon's retreat from Russia the en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Berezina begins; it will last three days and see heavy French losses, but their army manages to escape Russian attempts at their destruction/
In 1865 at the naval Battle of Papudo a Spanish navy schooner is defeated by a Chilean corvette, about 90km north of Valparaíso in Chile. The half-hour engagement fought was part of the Chincha Islands War, part of Spain's futile attempts to recapture its lost South American colonies. Familiar with Spanish naval movements, the Chilean corvette Esmeralda, under the command of Juan Williams Rebolledo waited for Spanish ships to appear between Coquimbo and Valparaíso. The Chileans hoisted a British flag on their ship and maneuvered themselves close to the Spanish ship Virgen de Covadonga, under the command of Luis Fery, who thought that the ship may have been one of a number of similar British vessels. The Esmeralda opened fire on the Covadonga, which returned fire, but the Chilean gunnery was superior proved more skillful. After the Covadonga was severely damaged, and it'c crew incapacitated, the Spaniards attempted to escape, but it was too late. The Esmeralda ran her down and the Spanish ship surrendered.
In 1914 the old British battleship HMS Bulwark is destroyed by a large internal explosion with the loss of 741 men (all but a dozen of her crew) near Sheerness. HMS Bulwark was a "pre-dreadnought" battleships, of a type rendered obsolete by HMS Dreadnought and relegated to the reserve when the Great War broke out. The cause of her destruction isn't definitively known, but is believed to be the result of poor storage of 'cordite' propellant charges that overheated.
In 1917 the Manchester Guardian publishes details of the secret 1916 Sykes-Picot Agreement between the United Kingdom and France regarding the future of the Middle East. The Agreement define the agreed spheres of influence of Britain and France after the Ottoman Empire was defeated and split up. After the Russian Revolution the Bolsheviks released a copy of the Sykes–Picot Agreement (as well as other secret treaties), which was printed in transmation by the Guardian, causing great embarrassment to the allies and growing distrust between them and their erstwhile Arabs allies (whom they planned to betray).
In 1922 Howard Carter and hispatron Lord Carnarvon become the first people to enter the tomb of Pharaoh Tutankhamun in over 3000 years.
In 1922 the film The Toll of the Sea debuts as the first general release film to use two-tone Technicolor, albeit still silent. The plot was a variation of the Madama Butterfly story, set in China instead of Japan, and the film premiered at the Rialto Theatre in New York City.
In 1939 the Soviet Army orchestrates an incident which is used to justify the start of the Winter War with Finland four days later by shelling the Soviet village of Mainila (near Beloostrov) and then claiming that the fire originated from Finland.
In 1941 a Japanese task force (the Striking Force) of six aircraft carriers (Akagi, Kaga, Sōryū, Hiryū, Shōkaku, and Zuikaku) depart Hittokapu Bay on Kasatka Island in the Kurile Islands, carrying Japan's First Air Fleet. The force will attack the US bases on Hawaii, including the naval base at Pearl Harbor, on 07DEC.
In 1942 the film Casablanca, starring Humphrey Bogart and Ingrid Bergman, premieres at the Hollywood Theater in New York City.
In 1944 a German V-2 rocket hits a Woolworth's shop in New Cross Road in London destroying the building and killing 168 people. The weapon hit at lunchtime, when the building was especially crowded (with more queuing outside) due to having had a delivery of hard-to-obtain saucepans.
In 1950 troops from the People's Republic of China launch a massive counterattack in North Korea against South Korean and United Nations forces, the battles of the Ch'ongch'on River and Chosin Reservoir, ending any hopes of a quick end to the conflict.
In 1965 France launches the small research satellite Astérix, becoming the third nation to put an object in orbit using its own booster. The Diamant A rocket was launched from the CIEES launch site at Hammaguir in French Algeria.
In 1970 in Basse-Terre in Guadeloupe there is a sudden outbreak of freak rain, with almost 40 millimetres falling in one minute. This is the heaviest rainfall ever recorded on Earth.
In 1977 in a strange and mysterious incident, an unidentified person calling himself Vrillon (and claiming to be the representative of the "Ashtar Galactic Command") hijacks part of the Southern Television network in the UK for about six minutes, beginning at 5:12PM. The incident caused widespread concern, with the network receiving almost one thousand phone calls from the public, and has become a staple of "UFOlogy". The interruption was achieved quite simply, and effected the audio only; an unauthorised transmitter was set up near the Hannington transmitter and over-rode the network transmission, which was rebroadcast as usual. The speaker delivered a message instructing humanity to abandon its weapons, so it could participate in a 'future awakening' and 'achieve a higher state of evolution'. After six minutes, the broadcast returned to its scheduled content; the person or persons responsible have never been identified.
In 1983 the Brink's-Mat robbery at Heathrow Airport in London sees 6,800 gold bars (about three tonnes, worth nearly £26 million at the time and around €150 million today) along with cash and gemstones. The target was the Brink's-Mat vault at Heathrow Airport. The owner of the valuables, Johnson Matthey Bankers Ltd, collapsed the following year after making large loans to fraudulent and insolvent firms. Most of the stolen items have never been recovered though some details of the laundering of the funds has been discovered.
In 1998 a train collision near Khanna on the Khanna-Ludhiana section of India's Northern Railway in Punjab at 3:15AM involving the Calcutta-bound Jammu Tawi-Sealdah Express and a number of derailed coaches sees 212 fatalities (out of around 2,500 passengers).
In 1999 a powerful, magnitude 7.5, earthquake strikes the Vanuatu Archipelago, just to the south of the volcanic island of Ambrym, at 00:21AM, shaking Vanuatu and causes a destructive tsunami. Ten people were killed and forty were injured.
In 2003 the airliner Concorde makes its final flight, over Bristol, England. Except for the couple UNIT use of course...
In 2004 the last Poʻouli (Black-faced honeycreeper) dies of avian malaria in the Maui Bird Conservation Center in Olinda in Hawaii, before it could breed, making the species in all probability extinct.
- Which would mean that suddenly finding some of the birds would probably interest UNIT.
In 2011 the Mars Science Laboratory is launched to Mars with the Curiosity Rover. The car-sized Mars rover was intended to explore the Gale crater on Mars as part of NASA's Mars Science Laboratory mission to investigate the Martian climate and geology, assess of whether the selected field site has ever offered environmental conditions favorable for microbial life (including investigation of the role of water), and study planetary habitability preparation for human exploration The lander would arrive on Mars at 05:17 on 06AUG2012.
In 2018 the robotic probe Insight lands on Elysium Planitia on Mars. The probe is intended to study the interior of the planet Mars.
Comments? Suggestions?
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Post by missyfan45 on Nov 29, 2020 3:13:54 GMT
Adosinda, Queen of Asturians,Mauregatus,Fruela The Cruel,Humphrey Bogart and Ingrid Bergman,Captain James Cook, Vlad the Impaler,Juan Williams Rebolledo,Captain Charles Clerke,Howard Carter,Lord Carnarvon, and Basarab Laiota are good people to meet. The Ashtar incident could have been a real being named Ashatr of the Vrillion in the whoniverse. And the insight probe could have spotted some ice warriors.
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Catsmate
13th Incarnation
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Post by Catsmate on Nov 29, 2020 15:20:27 GMT
I rather like the idea of someone stumbling over Curiousity in the future, perhaps during the Thousand Day War, or Dalek Occupation.
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Catsmate
13th Incarnation
It's complicated....
Posts: 3,753
Favourite Doctors: Thirteen, Six, Five, Two, Eight, Eleven, Twelve, One, Nine...
Traits: Eccentric, Insatiable Curiousity.
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Post by Catsmate on Nov 29, 2020 19:06:32 GMT
27NOV
In 25CE Emperor Guangwu of Han continues his revival of the Later (or Eastern) Han dynasty with the institution of Luoyang, as imperial capital of the Eastern Han dynasty, 335 kilometers east of the former capital of Chang'an. His reforms gave added about two centuries to the Han Dynasty.
In 176 Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius grants his son Commodus the rank of 'Imperator' (he'd been made 'Caesar' in 166) and makes him Supreme Commander of the Roman legions. While Marcus Aurelius Antoninus was one of the most capable of the later Roman emperors, his son was, unfortunately for the empire, not nearly as capable. Marcus Aurelius is considered the last of the Five Good Emperors (a term coined, incidentally, by Niccolò Machiavelli) as well as the last emperor of the Pax Romana (the age of relative peace and stability for the Roman Empire). Commodus was prone to erratic behaviour and lacked the political and military ability of his father.
In 395 Flavius Rufinus, praetorian prefect of the East under emperors Theodosius I and Arcadius, is murdered by Gothic mercenaries under Gainas. Rufinus was the power behind the throne for both, especially Arcadius; he is generally considered highly intelligent, determines, ambitious, greedy and unprincipled. In the period immediately after Theodosius' death (JAN0395) Rufinus was virtually the ruler of the Eastern Roman Empire, since he exercised great influence over the young Emperor Arcadius.
In 511 Clovis I, king of the Franks, dies at Lutetia and is buried in the Abbey of St Genevieve. Clovis was the first king of the Franks to unite all of the Frankish tribes under one ruler, changing the form of leadership from a group of royal chieftains to rule by a single king and ensuring that the kingship was passed down to his heirs. He is considered the founder of the Merovingian dynasty, which ruled the Frankish kingdom for the next two centuries and "the first king of what would become France". Shortly before his death Clovis had called a synod of Gallic bishops to meet in Orléans to reform the Church, the First Council of Orléans. There is some 'fuzziness' around the death of Clovis, with some accounts naming him as alive in 513CE. Nor are the circumstances of his death known. When Clovis died, his kingdom was partitioned among his four sons, Theuderic, Chlodomer, Childebert, and Clotaire. This partition created the new political units of the Kingdoms of Rheims, Orléans, Paris and Soissons, and inaugurated a tradition that would lead to disunity lasting until the end of the Merovingian dynasty in 751.
In 602 Byzantine Emperor Maurice is forced to watch as the usurper Phocas executes his five sons before Maurice is beheaded himself. Maurice had been a capable emperor, especially in military matters where he was successful in campaigns against the Sasanian Empire in Persia. However financial difficulties, which beset his reign, were his downfall; to save money he decreed that the Roman army should stay for winter beyond the Danube. The exhausted troops mutinied against the Emperor and proclaimed Phocas their leader, demanding that Maurice abdicate. When the imperial capital of Constantinople erupted in rioting the Emperor left the city with his family for Nicomedia. Phocas entered Constantinople in November and was crowned emperor, while his troops captured Maurice and his family. On 27NOV0602 the deposed emperor was forced to watch his five younger sons executed before he was beheaded himself. The usurpation of Phocas was an utter disaster for the empire, sparking a twenty-six-year war with Sassanid Persia which would leave both empires devastated prior to the Muslim conquests.
In 1095 Pope Urban II declares the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont. Pope Urban II supported the Byzantine request for military assistance and also urged faithful Christians to undertake an armed pilgrimage to Jerusalem. This call was met with an enthusiastic popular response across all social classes in western Europe. Mobs of predominantly poor Christians numbering in the thousands, led by a French priest known as Peter the Hermit,were the first to respond (the People's Crusade has been covered previously).
In 1727 the foundation stone to the Jerusalem Church in Berlin is laid on the orders of Frederick William I of Prussia.
In 1809 the English civil servant and serial practical joker Theodore Hook pulls off his greatest effort; the Berners Street hoax. Hook had made a bet with his friend Samuel Beazley that he could transform any house in London into the most talked-about address in a week; this he did by sending out thousands of letters in the name of Mrs Tottenham, who lived at 54 Berners Street, requesting deliveries, visitors, and assistance. Matters began at at five o'clock in the morning when a sweep arrived to sweep the chimneys of Mrs Tottenham's house. The maid who answered the door informed him that no sweep had been requested, and that his services were not required. A few moments later another sweep presented himself, then another, and another; twelve in all. After the last of the sweeps had been sent away, a fleet of carts carrying large deliveries of coal began to arrive, followed by a series of cakemakers delivering large wedding cakes, then doctors, lawyers, vicars and priests summoned to minister to someone in the house they had been told was dying. Fishmongers, shoemakers and over a dozen pianos were among the next to appear, along with "six stout men bearing an organ". Dignitaries, including the Governor of the Bank of England, the Duke of York, the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Lord Mayor of London, also arrived. The narrow streets soon became severely congested with tradesmen and onlookers. Deliveries and visits continued until the early evening, bringing a large part of London to a standstill.
Hook had obtained a vantage point in the house directly opposite 54 Berners Street, from where he and Beazley spent the day watching the chaos unfold.
- Hook also probably invented the postcard; certainly the first such card known was sent to Hook in 1840, probably by himself as one of his practical jokes. The image on the card is a caricature of workers in the post office.
In 1830 a French nun named Catherine Labouré experiences a Marian apparition. On three successive evenings, upon returning from the church to her convent in Rue du Bac, Catherine reportedly experienced, in the convent chapel, a vision of what she took to be the heart of Vincent de Paul above a shrine containing a relic of bone from his right arm. Labouré claimed that on 19JUL1830 she woke up after hearing the voice of a child calling her to the chapel, where she heard the Virgin Mary speak to her. On 27NOV Labouré reported that the Mary returned to her during evening meditations.
In 1839 in Boston, Massachusetts, the American Statistical Association is founded.
- The ASA is almost certainly an innocent profession organisation for statisticians and not at all a cover for a Sinister Plot to achieve world domination or collate and investigate weird happenings.
In 1863 Confederate cavalry leader John Hunt Morgan and several of his men escape the Ohio Penitentiary and return safely to the South.
In 1863 the Battle of Mine Run sees Union forces (under General George Meade) face off against Confederate troops led by General Robert E. Lee. The Union Army of the Potomac failed to defeat the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia and, like many such encounters early in the war, was marked by false starts and low casualties. It was the last battle the Eastern Theater for the year.
In 1868 during the American Indian Wars the Battle of Washita River sees US troops, under Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer, attack Cheyenne living on reservation land. The battle saw about 140 Native Americans killed, though the proportion of these that were unarmed noncombatants is disputed.
In 1895 – At the Swedish–Norwegian Club in Paris, Alfred Nobel signs his last will and testament, setting aside his estate to establish the Nobel Prize after he dies.
In 1896 Richard Strauss's Also sprach Zarathustra, inspired by Friedrich Nietzsche's philosophical novel Thus Spoke Zarathustra by is first performed in Frankfurt, conducted by Strauss himself.
In 1918 the Makhnovia, the Free Territory of Ukraine is established as an attempt to form a stateless anarchist society, part of the Ukrainian Revolution. It existed from 1918 to 1921, under the protection of Nestor Makhno's Revolutionary Insurrectionary Army.
In 1924 the first Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade is held in New York City.
In 1940 in Romania the ruling Iron Guard fascist party murders 64 people in Jilava penitentiary, near Bucharest; most of them are aides of the of arrested King Carol II, and other political dissidents. In all 579 shots were fired into the 53 victims, in about fifteen minutes. Among those killed were former Prime Minister Gheorghe Argeşanu, former Justice Minister Victor Iamandi, former Bucharest police prefect and interior minister Gabriel Marinescu, several high-ranking officers of the Gendarmerie, including its head inspector General Ioan Bengliu, Mihail Vârfureanu (a former Legionnaire who turned informant), and former Chief of Secret Police Mihail Moruzov and his deputy, Niki Ștefănescu. These two were had paid many of the Guard's members, including its leader Horia Sima, for services rendered as informants.
In 1942 at Toulon, the French navy scuttles most of its remaining ships and submarines to keep them out of Nazi hands. The scuttling was orchestrated by Vichy France after the Allied invasion of North Africa had provoked the Germans into invading the Vichy controlled 'zone libre'. The French destroyed 77 vessels and several submarines escaped to French North Africa.
In 1944 an accident in an underground munitions storage complex at RAF Fauld results in a huge explosion at 11:11; around four thousand tonnes of munitions detonate, killing seventy people. A nearby reservoir containing half-a-million tonnes of water was obliterated in the incident, along with several buildings including a complete farm. There was significant flooding caused by the destruction of the reservoir, whichadded to the damage.
In 1971 the Soviet space program's Mars 2 probe releases a descent module from the orbiter; it malfunctions and crashes, but it is the first man-made object to reach the surface of Mars. The descent module entered the Martian atmosphere at roughly 6km/s at a steeper angle than planned, with the descent system malfunctioning and the lander crashed at 45°S 30°W.
In 1978 in San Francisco, city mayor George Moscone and openly gay city supervisor Harvey Milk are murdered by former supervisor Dan White.
In 1989 Avianca Flight 203, a Boeing 727 explodes in mid-air over Colombia, killing all 107 people on board and three people on the ground. A bomb was determined to be the cause of the explosion and the Medellín Cartel will claim responsibility for the attack.
In 1992 for the second time in a year, military forces linked to Chávez, try to overthrow president Carlos Andrés Pérez in Venezuela.
In 2001 a hydrogen rich atmosphere is discovered on the extrasolar planet 'Osiris' (technically HD 209458 b) by the Hubble Space Telescope; this is the first atmosphere detected on an extrasolar planet.
In 2009 a bomb explodes on the Nevsky Express train between Moscow and Saint Petersburg, derailing it and causing 28 deaths and 96 injuries.
Comments? Ideas?
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Post by missyfan45 on Nov 30, 2020 14:01:05 GMT
George Moscone, Harvey Milk, Dan White,Gheorghe Argeşanu, John Hunt Morgan, Victor Iamandi,Gabriel Marinescu,Ioan Bengliu, Mihail Vârfureanu,Mihail Moruzov,Horia Sima,Richard Strauss,Friedrich Nietzsche,Nestor Makhno, Theodore Hook, Flavius Rufinus,Emperor Guangwu of Han,Emperor Maurice, Pope Urban II,Marcus Aurelius Antoninus,, Alfred Nobel, and Carlos Andrés Pérez are good people to meet. And tje planet Osiris could have been the home planet of the Osirians.
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Catsmate
13th Incarnation
It's complicated....
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Post by Catsmate on Nov 30, 2020 17:04:50 GMT
28NOV
In 587CE with the signing of the Treaty of Andelot, between King Guntram of Burgundy and Queen Brunhilda of Austrasia, a pact is created between the two Francian monarchs; Guntram adapts, and recognises as his heir, Childebert II, the son of Brunhilda, and agrees to ally himself with Childebert against the revolted fuedal lords. Brunhilda was an interesting character; queen consort of Austrasia (part of Francia) and had married the Merovingian king Sigebert I. She served as regent for her son [Childebert II], grandson [Theudebert II] and great grandson [Sigebert II], in different parts of a long and complicated career ruling eastern Frankish kingdoms of Austrasia and Burgundy. The period was marked by tension between the royal house and the powerful nobles vying for power, and frequent outbreaks of violence. Brunhilda was an able and efficient ruler, but this (and her forceful personality) brought her into conflict with her nobles, the church, and the other Merovingians; one aspect of this was her lengthy and bitter feud with Fredegund (mistress of Chilperic I, ruler of Neustria) who'd had Brunhilda's sister (Queen Galswintha) murdered in an attempt to succeed her as queen. Fredegund also had Brunhilda's husband murdered and managed to have Brunhilda imprisoned for a period. The feud didn'd end with Fredegund's death; her son, Chlothar II, continued it and eventually had Brunhilda her executed by being pulled apart by four horses.
- The past is a foreign country; they do things differently there.
In 936 Shi Jingtang is enthroned as the first emperor of the Later Jin dynasty by Emperor Taizong of Liao, following a revolt against Emperor Fei of Later Tang.
In 1443 Gjergj Kastrioti, known as Skanderbeg, launches the eponymous revolt against teh Ottoman Empire when his forces liberate Kruja in central Albania and raise the Albanian flag. Skanderbeg was an Albanian nobleman who launched a revolt that lasted about twenty five year revolt against the Ottoman, in what is now Albania, North Macedonia, Greece, Kosovo, Montenegro and Serbia. He began the revolt after the Ottoman defeat in the Battle of Niš, believing that Christians would succeed in pushing the Ottomans out of Europe. Initially the revolt was successful and soon large parts of the the territory were captured by the rebels but in the end the Ottomans retook the territory.
In 1470 Emperor Lê Thánh Tông of Đại Việt formally launches his attack against Champa, starting the Champa–Đại Việt War. The war effectively ended Champa, then a collection of independent Cham polities that extended across the coast of what is today central and southern Vietnam, as an independent state.
In 1520 an expedition under the command of Ferdinand Magellan passes through the Strait of Magellan.
In 1582 in Stratford-upon-Avon William Shakespeare (then aged eighteen) and Anne Hathaway (aged 26) pay a £40 bond for their marriage licence; two of Hathaway's neighbours also post bonds with the consistory court of the Diocese of Worcester stating that no lawful claims impeded the marriage (i.e. she was not already married). The couple would have three children; Susanna (born about six months after the marriage, hence the reason for the hearing before the consistory court which reduced the usual delay) and the twins Hamnet and Judith. After the birth of the twins in 1585 there is an interregnum in the known life of Shakespeare until his career in London (in 1592) and his life as actor, writer, and part-owner of a company.
- An interesting gap. And then there's the question of why he left Stratford at all (Wanderlust? Legal troubles involving a spot of poaching?
- In fact there is no manuscript or other writing by Shakespeare known to have survived, barring a few signatures. To describe a Shakespearen manuscript as more "priceless" would be an understatement.
- Of course in the Whoniverse there is the need to reconcile the different portrayals of Shakespeare, e.g. in The Shakespeare Code and The Kingmaker.
In 1627 the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Navy has its greatest and last victory in the Battle of Oliwa, defeating a Swedish force blockading the coast off Danzig, near the village of Oliva.
In 1660 at Gresham College, twelve men, including Christopher Wren, Robert Boyle, John Wilkins, and Sir Robert Moray decide to found what is later known as the Royal Society. In fact the history and foundation of the Royal Society is complicated an murky, dating to the Invisible College with which Boyle was involved about fifteen years earlier. Whatever the exact history (and there is a lot of space in there for weird incidents, secret government organisations, aliens and time travellers) the various groups had a common purpose; acquisition of knowledge through experimental investigation. Exactly when (and how) the Invisible College morphed into the Gresham College group is uncertain; the latter existed in the 1650s (and perhaps earlier) as a loose collection of scientists in England exchanging information and the "new learning". Within a few years of the granting of a charter to the Royal Society in 1662 its earlier history was being written and re-written, its roots contested. However Gresham College was an important aspect; this was a foundation outside the old universities at which lectures were given for the general public, and two groups of scholars there (and two others at Oxford) laid the foundations of the Society in the period from the English Civil War to the Restoration of 1660.
In 1666 around three thousand troops of the Royal Scots Army, led by Tam Dalyell of the Binns, defeat about 900 Covenanter insurgents led by James Wallace of Auchens in the Battle of Rullion Green, in the Pentland Hills region of Midlothian in Scotland. The battle was the culmination of the brief Pentland Rising (15–28NOV1666) against the attempt to impose episcopalianism upon Scotland.
In 1811 Beethoven's Piano Concerto No. 5 in E-flat major, the Emperor Concerto or Opus 73, has its public premiere at the Gewandhaus in Leipzig, conducted by Johann Philipp Christian Schulz. The actual first performance took place on 13JAN1811 at the Palace of Prince Joseph Lobkowitz in Vienna, with Archduke Rudolf as the soloist. ,[1] followed by a public
In 1814 The Times of London becomes the first newspaper to be produced on a steam-powered printing press, built by the German team of Koenig & Bauer.
In 1862 the Battle of Cane Hill, Union troops under General James G. Blunt defeat General John Marmaduke's Confederates in a small encounter in northwestern Arkansas, near the town of Cane Hill. About seven thousand troops were involved and about one hundred casualties suffered.
In 1885 decisive Bulgarian victory in the Serbo-Bulgarian War and the threat of Austro-Hungarian intervention preserves the Unification of Bulgaria. The war lasted a fortnight and began with a Serbian attack on Bulgaria. The war was an important step in the strengthening of Bulgaria's international position. To a large extent, the victory preserved the ongoing process Bulgarian unification.
In 1895 the first American automobile race takes place over the 86 kilometres from Chicago's Jackson Park to Evanston in Illinois. Frank Duryea wins in approximately 10 hours. In all only six vehicles, four cars and two motorcycles, took part. Conditions were moderately unpleasant on that cold (4 °C) Thanksgiving Day with snow falling and the roads subject to mud and snow drifts in places. The Duryea car finished the race first, completing the race after 7 hours and 53 minutes of running time, 10 hours and 23 minutes total time, having traveled an average of 7 mph (11 km/h); only one other vehicle finished and that had required a change of driver when the original driver was rendered unconscious by exposure.
In 1899 in the Second Boer War a British column, under Lord Methuen, that was attempting to relieve the besieged town of Kimberley, is engaged by Boer forces at the Battle of Modder River. Although the Boers withdraw, the British suffer heavy casualties, mainly from accurate long range rifle fire.
In 1901 the Anglo-Aro War begins when the British Army commences an attack on the Aro Confederacy (present-day Eastern Nigeria) with an assault on their stronghold of Aro Chukwu in Nigeria, subduing the area by 24DEC. Within five months, the British were able to take control of the fifteen thousand square kilometre African kingdom. While ostensibly fought to end the slave trading of the Aro Confederacy the background to the war is more complicated, with increasing tensions between Aro leaders and British colonialists stretching back many years. There were also stories that the Aro used a form of folk magic, in shrines dedicated to the god Ibin Ukpabi, to dominate and enslave people.
In 1905 the Mataafa Storm in the Great Lakes reaches its climax. Storm-force winds and heavy snows accompanied the cyclone's passage. The storm, named after the steamship Mataafa which was lost that day after a day-long battle to surpvive, ended up destroying or damaging about thirty vessels and killing at least 36 people. The SS Mataafa was a bulk carrier, on her way out of Duluth loaded with iron ore and towing a barge loaded with more when she was hit by the storm; though her crew struggled to return to Duluth the ship was slammed onto a harbour pier and broken in two. Nine of her crew were trapped in the rear section and died of exposure during the night; one of the bodies in the after half had to be chopped out of solid ice. The fifteen men in the fore half fared better; theyr were rescued on 29NOV.
In 1908 at 10:44AM an explosion in the Pittsburg Buffalo Company's coal mine in Marianna, Pennsylvania, kills 154 men, leaving only one survivor.
In 1914 following the closure imposed on 31JUL by US Treasury Secretary McAdoo, the New York Stock Exchange re-opens for bond trading only. It fully reopened for stock trading in mid-December.
- I've covered McAdoo and the importance of his order to close the US markets and prevent the Entente powers removing their assets in gold before.
In 1918 after settling in Amerongen in the Netherlands, Wilhelm II formally abdicated the throne with the statement: It remains legally unclear if this was, and is, binding on his heirs.
In 1925 the Grand Ole Opry, a weekly American country music stage concert, begins broadcasting from Nashville in Tennessee as the WSM Barn Dance.
In 1929 Richard Byrd and his crew make the first flight over the South Pole, in a Ford 4-AT Trimotor monoplane (named 'Floyd Bennett'). On board with Byrd were the pilot, Harold June, Bernt Balchen, Captain R. Ashley and C. McKinley. The flight left the Little America base at 3:29PM. Navigation was tricky, magnetic compasses are useless so near the pole, so the explorers used sun compasses. At 8:15PM they aircraft dropped supplies for a geological party near the Queen Maud Mountains and then continued on. Aout 9:30PM they reached the Polar Plateau, where the plane struggled to gain enough altitude to fly safely above the Polar Plateau; they cleared the 3,400m pass between Mount Fridtjof Nansen and Mount Fisher by a few hundred metres and continued to the South Pole. The reached the pole at around 1AM on 29NOV, where Byrd dropped a small American flag. The landed safely at Little America at 10:11AM after a flight of almost nineteen hours.
In 1939 the British government ceremonially turned over Magna Carta to the Library of Congress for safekeeping during the war. The document had been brought to the United States for display during the New York World's Fair and it was deemed too dangerous to ship it back during wartime.
In 1942 in Boston a fire in the Cocoanut Grove nightclub kills 492 people. The Cocoanut Grove was a major nightclub in Boston in the post-Prohibition era. The fire is believed to have started when a young busboy replaced a lightbuld, lighting a match for illumination and accidentally igniting decorations. Attempts to stop the fire probably helped it spread. The fire led to a reform of safety standards and codes across America, and to major changes in the treatment and rehabilitation of burn victims internationally.
In 1943 at 'Eureka', the Tehran Conference sees Franklin Roosevelt, Winston Churchill and Joseph Stalin meet in Tehran, Iran to discuss war strategy, specifically the invasion of Occupied Europe and the matter of Poland. It was agreed that the parts of Poland annexed by the USSR would remain with the Soviet Union.
In 1958 the SM-65 Atlas rocket has its first successful flight. The rocket would be the first operational intercontinental ballistic missile deployed by the United States and play a prominent role i early space launches. It's derivatives are still in use today.
In 1960 it is alleged, mainly by a pair of Italian amateur radio operators (the Judica-Cordiglia brothers) that a faint SOS Morse Code signal was heard from a troubled Soviet spacecraft in Earth orbit, suggesting that an unannounced manned Soviet space mission had failed. In all the brothers claimed to have received messages from as many as nine unannounced Soviet space launches, at least two of which failed. They pair made audio recordings of the alleged transmissions which were shrouded in tragedy and mystery. This has generated public interest for sixty years, despite the claims not standing up to scrutiny.
- Of course in the Whoniverse there were far more space missions, and ones that (as suggested by the recordings) went beyond Earth orbit, possibly assisted by recovered or duplicated alien technology.
- Frankly to me it's impossible to reconcile the space missions that are mentioned in the Whoniverse with the known history of human spaceflight; hence I assume it started earlier (Megaroc?), spread further (remember the British Mars missions) and further (Guy Crayford reached Jupiter circa 1980). So there's plenty of room for a covert Soviet effort, dropping military payloads into orbit, observing or salvaging alien craft et cetera. And then UNIT gets involved.....
- Oh and later in his life Giovanni Battista worked for the Italian police providing phone-taps in criminal investigations.
We really need a thread for ideas about the history of spaceflight in the Whoniverse.
In 1964 NASA launches the Mariner 4 probe toward Mars, intended for planetary exploration in a flyby mode. It was designed to conduct closeup scientific observations of Mars and to transmit these observations to Earth. Th craft would capture the first images of another planet ever returned from deep space; their depiction of a cratered, dead planet largely changed the scientific community's view of life on Mars.
In 1966 Michel Micombero overthrows the monarchy of Burundi and makes himself the first "president", actually de facto dictator for the decade between 1966 and 1976. His had around one hundred thousand opponents of his regime killed.
In 1967 Jocelyn Bell Burnell, using the the Interplanetary Scintillation Array of the Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory, discovers an odd periodic radio signal from space. The power and regularity of the signals were briefly thought to resemble an extraterrestrial beacon, or spurious radio noise, until it was determined to be a natural source, the first known pulsar. PSR B1919+21 is a pulsar with a period of 1.3373 seconds and a pulse width of 0.04 seconds.
In 1972 Claude Buffet and Roger Bontems are guillotined at La Santé Prison in Paris, the last people executed in France.
In 1979 Air New Zealand Flight 901, a DC-10 sightseeing flight over Antarctica, crashes into Mount Erebus, killing all 257 people on board. At the time Air New Zealand had been operating scheduled Antarctic sightseeing flights. In this case the flight computer was programmed with "corrected" coordinates for the flight path the night before the disaster, the flight crew were not informed of the change; this led to the aircraft being re-routed to a path toward Mount Erebus, instead of being directed by down McMurdo Sound as the crew had been led to believe. The eventual Royal Commission accused Air New Zealand of presenting "an orchestrated litany of lies" regarding the incident.
In 1980 during the Iran–Iraq War, the bulk of the Iraqi Navy is destroyed by the Iranian Navy in the Persian Gulf during Operation Morvarid.
Suggestions? Ideas? Comments?
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Post by missyfan45 on Nov 30, 2020 22:09:02 GMT
Claude Buffet and Roger Bontems , Jocelyn Bell Burnell,Michel Micombero, Richard Byrd,Harold June, Bernt Balchen, Captain R. Ashley and C. McKinley, Giovanni Battista,Lord Methuen,Anne Hathaway (Shakespeare could have been a companion in that gap), Lê Thánh Tông, Shi Jingtang,Gjergj Kastrioti, Childebert II,Theudebert II,Sigebert II,Johann Philipp Christian Schulz,Joseph Lobkowitz,Ferdinand Magellan,Tam Dalyell , Christopher Wren, Robert Boyle, John Wilkins,Sir Robert Moray,Queen Brunhilda,King Guntram, and Champa are good people to meet. And The coconut grove fire could be prevented in a ah story.
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Post by Catsmate on Dec 1, 2020 12:50:14 GMT
29NOV
In 561CE upon the death (from acute pneumonia at the age of 64) of the Merovingian king of the Franks, Chlothar I, at Compiègne, his kingdom is split among his four sons. Charibert received the ancient kingdom of Childebert I, between the Somme and Pyrénées, with Paris as its capital, and including the Paris Basin, Aquitaine and Provence. Guntram received Burgundy with a part of the Kingdom of Orléans, where he established his capital. Sigebert received the Kingdom of Metz with its capital Reims and Metz. Chilperic received the territories north of the Kingdom of Soissons. The split replicated that which had happened on the death of Chlothar's father Clovis, when he and his brother had split the kingdom. Chlothar had spent decades reintegrating the Frankish territories under his banner, by diplomacy, intimidation and force.
In 618 in China the Tang dynasty scores a decisive victory over their rival Xue Rengao at the Battle of Qianshuiyuan, ending the immediate threat to the kingdom.
In 903 the Abbasid army under Muhammad ibn Sulayman al-Katib defeats the Qarmatians at the Battle of Hama in Syria. The Qarmatian leaders were captured and executed, severely weakening the Qarmatian presence in northern Syria, which was finally eradicated after the suppression of another revolt in 906.
In 1549 the papal conclave of 1549–50 begins. This was to be one of the longest papal elections in history, and a quagmire of secular politics, bribery and political meddling The conclave was triggered by the death of Pope Paul III and would eventually (O7FEB1550) elect Giovanni Del Monte to the papacy as Pope Julius III. In addition to it's length the conclave had the then unheard of fifty one cardinal electors present (though two died and one 'became unwell' during the proceedings). The electors were roughly divided between the factions of Henry II of France, the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V and Alessandro Farnese, the cardinal-nephew of Paul III. Given a two-third majority was needed none of these factions was successful, and eventually Giovanni del Monte was elected as a compromise candidate. The event was also noted for the involvement of the merchants of Rome, who ran an extensive, lucrative and regularly updated betting operation on the election; numerous of the cardinals' attendants in Conclave were in partnership with those handling the bets.
- Cardinal del Monte (who was eventually elected) had started out as the favorite at 1 to 5, trailed by Salviati, Ridolfi, and Pole, but Pole was the favorite three days later at 1 to 4. By 05DEC, Pole's odds had risen to 95 to 100, though the arrival of four additional French cardinals on 11DEC Pole's odds fell to 2 to 5. By 22JAN the odds quoted against the conclave finishing during January were 9 to 10, against February: 1 to 2, against March: 1 to 5, and never: 1 to 10.
In 1612 the Battle of Swally, between Portuguese vessels and those of the English East India Company, takes place off the coast of Suvali near the Surat city (now in Gujarat). The Englsh victory loosens the Portuguese hold on India and marked the beginning of the ascent of the English East India Company's presence in India.
In 1729 Natchez Indians massacre 138 Frenchmen, 35 French women, and 56 children at Fort Rosalie, near the modern town of Natchez in Mississippi. The Natchez and French had lived alongside each other in the Louisiana colony for more than a decade prior to the incident, mostly conducting peaceful trade and occasionally intermarrying. After a period of deteriorating relations and warring, Natchez leaders were provoked to revolt when the French colonial commandant, Sieur de Chépart, demanded land from a Natchez village for his own plantation near Fort Rosalie. They plotted their attack over several days and managed to conceal their plans from most of the French; those who overheard and warned Chépart of an attack were considered untruthful and were punished. In a coordinated attack on the fort and the homesteads, the Natchez killed almost all of the Frenchmen, while sparing most of the women and African slaves. This triggered severe retaliation by the French forces in New Orleans; by 1736 the Natchez had ceased to exist as an independent people.
In 1732 at 8;40AM a magnitude 6.6 earthquake strikes Irpinia and part of Sannio in Italy, destroying about twenty villages and killing around two thousand people.
In 1776 the Battle of Fort Cumberland (also known as the Eddy Rebellion) in Nova Scotia, comes to an end with the arrival of British reinforcements. The battle had been an attempt by a small number of militia commanded by Jonathan Eddy to bring the American Revolutionary War to Nova Scotia in late 1776. With minimal logistical support from Massachusetts and four to five hundred volunteer militia and Natives, Eddy attempted to besiege and storm Fort Cumberland in central Nova Scotia (near the present-day border between Nova Scotia and New Brunswick) in November 1776.
In 1781 after running low on potable water the crew of the British slave ship Zong murders 133 Africans by dumping them into the sea. Later the ship's owning syndicate attempts to claim the insurance on their human cargo. The Zong was owned by the Liverpool based Gregson slave-trading syndicate who operated her on the 'Middle Passage' route of the Atlantic slave trade. As was common business practice they had taken out insurance on the lives of the enslaved people as cargo. According to the crew, when the ship ran low on drinking water following navigational mistakes, the crew threw enslaved people overboard into the sea. After the slaver reached port at Black River in Jamaica, Zong's owners made a claim to their insurers for the loss of the enslaved people. When the insurers refused to pay, the matter went to court (Gregson v Gilbert); the courts held that in some circumstances the deliberate murder of enslaved people was legal and that insurers could be required to pay for those who had died. The jury found for the slavers, but at a subsequent appeal hearing the judges, led by Lord Chief Justice, the Earl of Mansfield, ruled against the syndicate owners, due to new evidence that suggested the captain and crew were at fault. The incident was a triigger for the Abolitionist movement.
In 1783 the US state of New Jersey is struck by a magnitude 5.5 earthquake at about 9PM with shaking was felt from New Hampshire to Pennsylvania.
In 1807 facing the advance of Napoleonic forces during the Peninsular War, John VI of Portugal and the Portuguese Court flee Lisbon to Brazil. In all around fifteen thousand people, including Queen Maria I of Portugal, Prince Regent John, and the Braganza royal family and its court, left Lisbon. The Portuguese crown would remain in Brazil from 1808 until the Liberal Revolution of 1820 led to the return of John VI of Portugal.
In 1830 an armed rebellion, the November Uprising, against Russia's rule in Poland begins when young Polish officers from the local Army of the Congress Poland's military academy revolted, led by lieutenant Piotr Wysocki. Large segments of the peoples of Lithuania, Belarus, and the Right-bank Ukraine soon joined the uprising. Although the insurgents achieved local successes, a numerically superior Imperial Russian Army under Ivan Paskevich eventually crushed the uprising and Poland lost its autonomy and was integrated into the Russian Empire.
In 1847 in Switzerland the Sonderbund (an alliance of conservative Catholic cantons) is defeated by the joint forces of other Swiss cantons under General Guillaume-Henri Dufour. The brief war (in which tere were less than one hundred casualties) resulted in the emergence of Switzerland as a federal state.
In 1847 missionaries Dr. Marcus Whitman, his wife Narcissa, and 15 others are killed by Cayuse and Umatilla Indians in southeastern Washington state near the town of Walla Walla, triggering the Cayuse War. The background to the massacre is complicated and murky; Whitman was accused of poisoning Native Americans (and he did in fact dose some of his crops to deter theft) and was blamed for not being able to treat a measles outbreak. Also involved was a new arrival at Waiilatpu one Joe Lewis, an embittered mixed-race Iroquois, who wished to ransack the Whitman Mission and attempted to spread discontent among the local Cayuse to do this.
In 1850 the Punctation of Olmütz is signed in Olomouc, signalling Prussian capitulation to Austria, which will take over the leadership of the German Confederation.
In 1863 in the Battle of Fort Sanders, Union forces under Ambrose Burnside successfully defend Knoxville, Tennessee from Confederate forces under James Longstreet. The battle was the crucial engagement of the Knoxville Campaign.
In 1864 the American Indian Wars continue with the Sand Creek massacre where Colorado volunteers led by Colonel John Chivington massacre and mutilate at least 150 (and perhaps as many as 650) Cheyenne and Arapaho noncombatants inside Colorado Territory.
.....the truth is that he surprised and murdered, in cold blood, the unsuspecting men, women, and children on Sand creek, who had every reason to believe they were under the protection of the United States authorities, and then returned to Denver and boasted of the brave deed he and the men under his command had performed.
In 1864 at the Battle of Spring Hill, the Confederate Army of Tennessee misses an opportunity to crush the Army of the Ohio. Because of a series of command failures, the Confederates were unable to inflict serious damage on the Federals and could not prevent their safe passage north to Franklin during the night. The next day, Hood pursued Schofield and attacked his fortifications in the Battle of Franklin, resulting in severe Confederate casualties.
In 1872 the Battle of Lost River begins the Modoc War in the northwestern United State The skirmish, fought near the Lost River along the California–Oregon border, saw the US 1st Cavalry Regiment attempt to force a band of the Modoc tribe to relocate back to the Klamath Reservation, which they had left in objection of its conditions. In the subsequent war, Captain Jack of the Modoc and 53 warriors held off more than 1,000 U.S. soldiers for seven months in the area of the present-day Lava Beds National Monument.
In 1877 Thomas Edison demonstrates his phonograph for the first time.
In 1890 the Meiji Constitution goes into effect in Japan, and the first Diet convenes.
In 1947 the First Indochina War escalates when French forces massacre at least three hundred civilians at Mỹ Trạch in Vietnam. In the operation 326 houses were burnt and their occupants driven out; many women were raped by the French soldiers before being killed. Over 300 civilian residents in Mỹ Trạch were killed, of whom 170 were women and 157 were children. Many entire families were killed. Most of the killing occurred at the foot of Mỹ Trạch Bridge; victims were forced to the foot of the bridge and lined up before being killed with machine gun fire.
In 1952 US President-elect Dwight D. Eisenhower fulfills a campaign promise by traveling to Korea to find out what can be done to end the conflict.
In 1961 the US Mercury-Atlas 5 mission launches a chimpanzee named Enos into space. The capsule orbits the Earth twice and splashes down off the coast of Puerto Rico.
In 1963 US President Lyndon B. Johnson establishes the Warren Commission to investigate the assassination of President John F. Kennedy.
Also that day Trans-Canada Air Lines Flight 831 crashes shortly after takeoff from Montreal-Dorval International Airport, killing all 118 people on board.
In 1972 Atari releases Pong, the first commercially successful video game.
Ideas? Suggestions? Comments?
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Post by missyfan45 on Dec 1, 2020 19:04:16 GMT
Ambrose Burnside ,Piotr Wysocki,Muhammad ibn Sulayman al-Katib,Jonathan Eddy,s Dr. Marcus Whitman,Ivan Paskevich,Giovanni Del Monte,Lord Chief Justice, the Earl of Mansfield,John VI of Portugal,Pope Paul III,Charibert,Guntram,Sigebert,Chilperic,, Chlothar I,and John Chivington are good people to meet.The First Indochina War could go differently in a ah story preventing the Vietnam war. And the Jersey earthquake could be a good race against time scenario.
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Post by Catsmate on Dec 2, 2020 14:46:34 GMT
30NOV
In 978CE Holy Roman Emperor Otto II (the Red) lifts the siege at Paris and withdraws. His rearguard is defeated while crossing the Aisne River by Frankish forces under King Lothair III. The background to this clash is somewhat complicated, part of the War of the Three Henries, a rebellion by three German princes against Otto and the attack against Aachen by Lothair III in JUN0977, which surprised Otto and forced him to flee is capital for Dortmund to prepare a response. In September Otto counter-invaded the Western Frankish Kingdom, capturing (and sacking) Reims, Soissons, Laon before laying siege to Paris. Outbreaks of plague, lack of supplies, the collapse of morale and and the onset of a hard winter forced Otto to lift the siege and withdraw back to Germany. Lothair gave chase and destroyed the German rearguard.
In 1645 the Philippine island of Luzon is devastated by a powerful earthquake (estimates magnitude 7.5), one of the most destructive earthquakes to hit the Philippines. The quake struck at about 08PM (local time) on Luzon Island in the northern part of the country. Aftershocks continued a few days and another powerful quake hit on 04DEC at about 11PM. Manila suffered particularly severe damage; ten newly constructed cathedrals were reduced to rubble and many residential villas and other buildings were destroyed. At least six hundred Spaniards were killed
In 1707 the second Siege of Pensacola comes to end with the failure of the British to capture Pensacola in Florida. The siege had only lasted a few days; on 27NOV about 20 Carolina traders and 300 Creeks arrived to maintain the siege and demand the Spanish surrender. Despite the small, and disease depleted Spanish garrison, the besiegers' first attack failed miserably. Two more nights of sporadic attacks saw no significant effect. During the night of 29/30NOV one of the leading Creek chiefs was killed. This apparently broke the besiegers' morale, for the siege was lifted the following morning. A French relief column arrived on 08DEC.
In 1718 King Charles XII of Sweden dies during a siege of the fortress of Fredriksten in Norway, while inspecting his troops' lines. Charles's death caused the Swedes to break off the siege; with the Treaty of Nystad three years later, the death of Charles XII marked the end of the expansionist era in Sweden. It appears that Charles was hit in the left temple by a large musket or grapeshot ball.
In 1782 the Treaty of Paris, which will formally end the American Revolutionary War, is drafted in Paris, though it will not be signed until 03SEP the next year. However representatives from the United States and Great Britain sign preliminary agreements. Peace negotiations had begun in Paris in APR1782 and continued through the summer, with the the United States represented by Benjamin Franklin, John Jay, Henry Laurens, and John Adams, and Britain by David Hartley and Richard Oswald.
- Plenty of scope for politics, manipulations, watching the balloons, meeting Franklin, infiltrating duplicates or other shenanigans. There was a lot happening in 1783; earthquakes, volcanoes, fireballs, men floating through (anf falling from) the air, the Newburgh Conspiracy, odd aurorae, a country parson with interesting ideas about stars and gravity.....
In 1803 the Balmis Expedition starts in Spain with the aim of vaccinating millions against smallpox in Spanish America and Philippines. The Balmis Expedition (or the Royal Philanthropic Vaccine Expedition) was a three-year mission (1803 to 1806) to Spanish America and Asia led by Dr. Francisco Javier de Balmis with the aim of vaccinating millions of people against smallpox. The new vaccination, developed by Jenner, was a much safer way to prevent smallpox than older methods as inoculation. Balmis had excellent connection to support the project; he was royal doctor to King Charles IV of Spain, who personally supported the idea since his daughter, the Infanta Maria Teresa, had died from smallpox as had other members of his family..
- However the practices of the expedition are perhaps disquieting by modern standards; the corvette Maria Pita carried 22 orphan boys (aged 8 to 10) who would be used as successive carriers of the virus. During the expedition at least 25 additional orphans were used. The technique used to carry the vaccine consisted of the passage of vesicle fluid from child to child. As the skin vesicles began to exude fluid a few days after the initial inoculation, it would be transmitted through skin contact to another child. The fluid from the skin vesicles of the children was kept on glass slides sealed with paraffin and subsequently stored using a vacuum technique that used pneumatic machines. The children were placed under the supervision and care of Isabel de Zendala y Gomez, the director of the Casa de Expósitos orphanage (she brought her son along so that he, too, could contribute to the mission).
Smallpox was introduced to the Americas during the 16th century by an African slave in the Spanish expedition of Panfilo de Narvaez in 1520 and had killed millions. In the early nineteenth centuries the disease had flared up again in the Spanish colonies and Charles had been asked to assist them. The expedition lasted seven years and overall saved millions of lives and ignored the political turmoil of the period (the Napoleonic Wars and the later conflict between Britain and Spain).
In 1803 in New Orleans Spanish representatives officially transfer the Louisiana Territory to an official from the French First Republic. Just 20 days later, France transfers the same land to the United States as the Louisiana Purchase.
In 1829 the First Welland Canal opens for a trial run, five years to the day from the ground breaking. The Welland Canal connects Lake Ontario and Lake Erie, a key section of what is now the St. Lawrence Seaway and Great Lakes Waterway and bypassing the Niagara Peninsula. Two schooners, Annie and Jane and R. H. Broughton left Port Dalhousie on Lake Ontario and arrived in Buffalo on the eastern end of Lake Erie two days later.
In 1853 in the run up to the wider Crimean War, the Imperial Russian Navy under Pavel Nakhimov destroys the Ottoman fleet under Osman Pasha at the Battle of Sinop, a sea port in northern Turkey, on the southern shore of the Black Sea. The battle demonstrated the devastating effect, and utter superiority of, the shell firing rifled cannon against wooden hulls and smooth-bore weapons. Nearly 3,000 Turks were killed when Nakhimov's forces shelled the town of Sinop after sinking the Turkish ships. The battle was a contributing factor to bringing France and Britain into the conflict.
In 1864 the Confederate Army of Tennessee suffers heavy losses in an attack on the Union Army of the Ohio in the Battle of Franklin, in Franklin, Tennessee, part of the Franklin–Nashville Campaign of the American Civil War. The battle was one of the worst disasters of the war for the Confederate States Army, with John Bell Hood's Army of Tennessee conducting numerous frontal assaults against fortified positions occupied by the Union forces under John Schofield. The attacks were defeated, with heavy Confederate casualties, and Schofield was able to from execute a planned and orderly withdrawal to Nashville. The attacks are sometimes referred to as the "Pickett's Charge of the West". Fourteen Confederate generals and 55 regimental colonels were casualties.
In 1910 the last day of the hunting season in the United States sees a record of 113 fatal accidents (and "accidents").
In 1913 the famous tugboat Sprague ("the world's largest steam-powered sternwheeler towboat") struck a stone dike on an island in the Mississippi River near Osceola in Arkansas, and was wrecked. The incident caused an environmental disaster; the boat was pulling 45 barges loaded with tens of thousands of tonnes of coal, which poured into the river (briefly creating a new river island).
In 1920 the infamous fraudster Charles Ponzi, known for defrauding investors in a practice which would thereafter bear his name as a "Ponzi scheme", pleaded guilty to one of two federal indictments for using the U.S. mail for the purpose of fraud. Ponzi was sentenced to five years in prison, the maximum sentence allowed. He had faced 86 counts of mail fraud and life imprisonment. Ponzi was released after three and a half years and was almost immediately indicted on twenty-two state charges of larceny, which he fought to the US Supreme Court.
In 1934 the LNER Class A3 4472 Flying Scotsman becomes the first steam locomotive to be authenticated as reaching 100 miles per hour. The locomotive would another world record, for the longest non-stop run by a steam locomotive, when it ran 679km on 08AUG1989 in Australia.
In 1936 in London, the Crystal Palace is destroyed by fire. Originally constructed to house the Great Exhibition of 1851, the cast iron and plate glass structure (three times the size of St Paul's Cathedral) was afterwards relocated to Penge Common in South London, at the top of Penge Peak next to Sydenham Hill, an affluent suburb at the time. On the night of 30NOV something started a fire in huge structure and the wooden floors and other materials burned fiercely; despite the efforts of over four hundred firefighters and 89 appliances the fire was visible from eight counties and destructed the structure. The fire officially started in a womens cloakroom, after an explosion (the cause of which is unknown). More than a hundred thousand people watched the fire: The South Tower of the palace and much of the lower level of the had been used for tests by television pioneer John Logie Baird and much of his work was destroyed in the fire. Baird claimed the fire was a deliberate act of sabotage against his work on developing television.
- In the Whoniverse matters are more complicated; at least two Doctors were present and the fire may have been caused by a hatching phoenix, or deliberately in order to defeat Victumas of the Dominion Sisterhood.
In 1939 the Winter War begins when Soviet forces cross the Finnish border in several places and bomb Helsinki and other Finnish cities.
In 1947 the Civil War in Mandatory Palestine begins, leading up to the creation of the state of Israel. In the aftermath of UN Resolution 181(II) regarding the partition of Palestine both Jews and Arabs were effected by a 'wind of violence' that rapidly took hold of the country. Murders, bombings, reprisals, and counter-reprisals came fast on each other's heels, resulting in dozens of victims killed on both sides in the process. The impasse persisted as British forces, ostensibly running the Mandate, did not intervene to put a stop to the escalating cycles of violence.
In 1953 Edward Mutesa II, the kabaka (~king) of Buganda is deposed and exiled to London by Sir Andrew Cohen, Governor of Uganda as part of an attempt to merge the country into Uganda. Two years later Cohen was forced to reinstate 'Kabaka Freddie', who returned to Kampala on 17OCT1955.
In 1954 in Sylacauga (in Alabama) the Hodges meteorite crashes through a roof and hits a woman taking an afternoon nap; this is the only documented case in the Western Hemisphere of a human being hit by a rock from space. The meteorite was a fragment, of about four kilogrammes weight, of a larger meteorite and hit at 12:46.
In 1981 representatives from the United States and the Soviet Union meet in Geneva to begin to negotiate reductions in intermediate-range nuclear weapons in Europe. The meetings end inconclusively on 17DEC.
In 1983 in the Melbourne Sheraton hotel a training exercise by the Australian Secret Intelligence Service (simulating the rescue of a foreign defector from foreign agents) turns into a fiasco. The agents had not informed the hotel's managers and a guest noticed masked men carrying automatic weapons. The hotel's tenth floor suffered significant damage, the agents were arrested by Victorian police when they refused to produce any identification. Twelve agents were involved in total. The incident led the Hawke government to disarm the ASIS and prohibit it carrying out covert actions.
In 1994 the MS Achille Lauro catches fire off the coast of Somalia. This is the last of the spate of serious incidents concerning the cruise ship, which had previously been hijacked by members of the Palestine Liberation Front (in 1985), suffered two serious collisions (in 1953 with the MS Oranje and in 1975 with the cargo ship Youseff) and four onboard fires and/explosions (1965, 1972, 1981, and 1994). In the last of these the ship caught fire and sank in the Indian Ocean off Somalia after a boiler explosion; four of the 979 people on board were killed. The wreck has never been located.
In 1999 British Aerospace and Marconi Electronic Systems merge to form BAE Systems, Europe's largest defense contractor and the fourth largest aerospace firm in the world.
In 2004 Lion Air Flight 583, a scheduled domestic passenger flight from Jakarta to Surabaya, overshoots the runway while landing at Adisumarmo International Airport and crashes into a cemetry, killing 25 people.
In 2018 at 5:29PM UTC Alaska is struck by a magnitude 7.0 earthquake with its epicenter only 25km from Anchorage. There is significant property damage but no deaths.
In 2018 a late-season tornado outbreak begins in the West South Central and Midwestern United States. The outbreak (of about thirty tornadoes) was accompanied by widespread severe thunderstorms, damaging winds, rain and hail. The event began late on 30NOV in Oklahoma and spreading east, lasting three days and killing one person. Winds of 135km/h (over 250 km/h within the tornado cells), hail of 45mm diameter and snowfalls of over 40cm occurred.
Ideas? Suggestions?
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Post by missyfan45 on Dec 2, 2020 19:45:52 GMT
Andrew Cohen,John Logie Baird, Charles Ponzi,Edward Mutesa II,Pavel Nakhimov,John Bell Hood,Francisco Javier de Balmis,Isabel de Zendala y Gomez,Benjamin Franklin, John Jay, Henry Laurens, John Adams,David Hartley,Richard Oswald,Panfilo de Narvaez,King Charles XII of Sweden, King Lothair III,and Emperor Otto II are good people to meet.And the crystal palace fire could have been caused by the doctor.
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Post by Catsmate on Dec 2, 2020 21:58:05 GMT
Andrew Cohen,John Logie Baird, Charles Ponzi,Edward Mutesa II,Pavel Nakhimov,John Bell Hood,Francisco Javier de Balmis,Isabel de Zendala y Gomez,Benjamin Franklin, John Jay, Henry Laurens, John Adams,David Hartley,Richard Oswald,Panfilo de Narvaez,King Charles XII of Sweden, King Lothair III,and Emperor Otto II are good people to meet.And the crystal palace fire could have been caused by the doctor. Well he did, twice so far....
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Post by Catsmate on Dec 3, 2020 15:14:28 GMT
Ah, December at last....
01DEC
In 800CE Charlemagne begins hearing the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican. This event had the soon-to-be Holy Roman Emperor sat in judgement of pope Leo (whom he'd previously supported, protected and financed) holding a council with representatives of both sides, pro- and anti- Leo; the pope had been accused by his enemies of adultery and perjury. Earlier Charlemagne ordered the accusers to appear at his camp at Paderborn, to which Leo had fled after an attack on his person in Rome on 25APR799, on the occasion of the procession of the Greater Litanies. Then Leo, making his way towards the Flaminian Gate without an escort, was suddenly attacked by a group of armed men. Leo was thrown to the ground, and an effort was made to root out his tongue and tear out his eyes; though these efforts were unsuccessful he was left injured and unconscious.
- The effort to mutilate the pope was an attempt to make him ineligable for the papacy as the office was then constituted, without killing him.
- Curiously Leo was rescued by a couple of Charlemagne missi dominici agents and their escort.
As Leo's accusers, mainly supporters or family of his predecessor Adrian I, who believed the papacy should be reservered for members of the nobility (Leo was of commoner origins). One 23DEC Leo swore a formal oath of purgation denying the charges brought against him, Charlemagne adjudcated in his favour and Leo's opponents were exiled. Two days later Charlemagne was crowned Holy Roman Emperor.
- An interesting time for a visit to Rome, with plenty of opportunities to meddle, accidentally alter history and frustrate meddling, or just see the sights.
- This is probably a good time to introduce the missi dominici (literally 'envoys of the lord'; the singular form is 'missus dominicus') were agents of Charlemagne sent to deal with situations (similar to the old Roman 'Agentes in rebus' ['Doers of Things' or literally 'Those Active in Matters'] or 'correctors') and investigate matters. The idea had been around since the old Frankish kings (of which these collections have seen many references) but was enhanced under Charlemagne and his successor emperors. Their duties were varied but centred around supervising administrative activities (mainly judicial) of lesser nobility and appointed officials. They were thus a thin layer between the royal/imperial administrations and the purely local administrators. This was especially true in the more remote dominions where royal/imperial visitations were rare and infrequent events. There are parallels to the later English institution of the Coroner, who were originally intended to act as a counter to the problems with the appointed Sheriffs.
- Missi dominici were appointed directly by the king or emperor, selected as persons of ability, loyalty and character, rotated annually and dispatched to areas in which they had no tied. Later the envoys were appointed in pairs, usually one an ecclesiastic and one a secular, and usually (exclusively in the early period) they were chosen from Charlemagne's personal, most trusted entourage, his 'paladins'. The perfect people to investigate strange goings-on in remote parts of the HRE.....
In 1420 Henry V of England enters Paris during the Hundred Years' War against France, the culmination of a highly successful military camaign against France. The siege of Paris had begun in August, with Henry's reputation for britality proceeding him; after Agincourt he'd ordered the French prisoners killed at at the siege of Rouen he'd refused to allow the women and children of the town to pass, leaving them to starve in the ditches around the town. At the time the French were paralysed by the disputes between Burgundians and Armagnacs, and Henry skilfully played one against the other. The siege had created a climate of treachery and intrigues inside Paris, which culminated in the assassination of John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy, by Dauphin Charles's supporters at Montereau-Fault-Yonne on 10SEP. After the surrender of Paris, the Treaty of Troyes recognised Henry as the heir and regent of France and he would marry Catherine of Valois, the French king's daughter.
In 1577 Francis Walsingham is knighted. Walsingham is a fascinating historical figure, and one who's appeared in the Whoniverse. While he's often regarded as spymaster for Elizabeth I (which he was) he's much more; he was, in effect, prime minister of England, though the office didn't exist them. He was her 'principal secretary' (firstly jointly and later alone) and advisor for many years; while the role is not a well defined one, Walsingham handled all royal correspondence and determined the agenda of council meetings, giving him immense influence.
- He was also present in Paris during the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre; in fact Walsingham's house in Paris (which housed his wife and young daughter) became a temporary sanctuary for Protestant refugees. Did he encounter a group of odd people there, including an abbot and his doppelganger?
- Walsingham's experiences in Paris deeply influenced him, and his ardent Protestantism, with fears of a similar massacre in England.
Walsingham was an enthusiastic supporter of using England's maritime power to open new trade routes and explore the New World, with numerous opportunities for his agents to encounter oddities far from home. He was involved directly with English policy towards Spain, the Netherlands, Scotland, Ireland and France, and personally embarked on several diplomatic missions to other European states. He was also closely linked to the mercantile community, he promoted many trade development plans, and was an investor in the Muscovy Company and the Levant Company and of Francis Drake's extremely profitable 1578–1581 circumnavigation of the Earth (with much looting of Spanish property along the way). He encouraged and financed several exploratory voyages, including the attempts of John Davis and Martin Frobisher to discover the Northwest Passage, the exploration of the mineral resources of Labrador, and Humphrey Gilbert's exploration of Newfoundland. Walsingham is linked to a vast number of significant figures of the period, from his patron and predecessor William Cecil (and hence to the Gunpowder Plot), to Doctor John Dee (more in theory than reality), to Queen Mary (whom as a protestant he avoided, staying in Switzerland), Mary, Queen of Scots (whose disgrace and execution he arranged) and Elizabeth I (whom he served loyally) and many more. If there's an organisation investigating the weird, supernatural and alien in Elizabethan England, he's running it.
In 1662 during the particularly harsh winter of 1662-3, the lake in St James's Park freezes and the Thames itself begins to freeze, leading to one of the early Frost Fairs. The noted writer and diarist John Evelyn records skating on the frozen lake, watched by Charles II and Queen Catherine. Likewise Pepys in noted that: "I first in my life …did see people sliding with their skeates" that December. By January 1663 the Frost Fair had expanded, as more of the river froze with bowling, archery, dancing and many booths set up.
In 1821 José Núñez de Cáceres wins the independence of the Dominican Republic from Spain and names the new territory the Republic of Spanish Haiti. There was considerable interest and enthusiasm for merging the country with neighbouring Haití and on 09FEB1822 it was absorbed by the Republic of Haiti.
In 1824 the United States presidential election ends in deadlock as none of the four candidate received a majority of the total electoral college votes in the election. Hence the election of the president falls to the House of Representatives. This leads to a period of intense political intrigue, mainly aimed at keeping Andrew Jackson out of the White House. On 09FEB1825 John Quincy Adams was elected president, despite lacking a plurality of either popular of Electoral College votes, mainly due to the assistance of the fourth placed candidate, Henry Clay. (The house was prescribed to choosing from among the three candidates who received the most electoral votes) Adams' victory shocked Jackson, who, as the winner of a plurality of both the popular and electoral votes, expected the House to choose him. Not long before the contingent House election, an anonymous statement appeared in a Philadelphia paper accusing Clay of selling Adams his support in exchange for the office of Secretary of State.
In 1828 Argentine general Juan Lavalle begins a coup against governor Manuel Dorrego, beginning the Decembrist revolution. The coup in the captured and killing the governor and forced the closure of the legislature. Various militias fought against Lavalle and removed him from power, restoring the legislature.
In 1913 the Buenos Aires Metro, the Subte, the first underground railway system in the Southern Hemisphere begins operation, running from Plaza de Mayo to Plaza Miserere.
In 1934 in the Soviet Union Politburo member Sergey Kirov is assassinated. Stalin uses the incident as a pretext to initiate the Great Purge. Kirov was an early revolutionary in the Russian Empire and an 'Old Bolshevik', as well as personal friend to Stalin. At the time of his death he was head of the party in Leningrad and a member of the Politburo. Kirov was shot and killed by Leonid Nikolaev at his offices in the Smolny Institute for unknown reasons; Nikolaev and numerous suspected and alleged accomplices, and members of his family, were rapidly convicted and executed. Kirov's assassination is controversial and unsolved, and there is a widespread but unproven belief of the complicity of Stalin and the NKVD.
In 1955 the American Civil Rights Movement stages the refusal of Birmingham seamstress Rosa Parks to give up her bus seat to a white man. She is arrested for violating the city's racial segregation laws, an incident which leads to that city's bus boycott.
In 1958 at the end of the school day, Our Lady of the Angels elementary (primary) school in Chicago suffers a disastrous fire; 92 children and three nuns are killed, and more are seriously burned.
In 1959 the Antarctic Treaty, which sets aside Antarctica as a scientific preserve and bans military activity on the continent, is opened for signatures.
- One assumes that Snowcap, and similar bases, are under UN jurisdiction and control.
In 1969 the first draft (conscription) lottery in the United States is held since World War II. A 'random' draw determines the order of birth dates in which men will be conscripted. In fact the draw is poorly randomised. At the time the draw was televised live and was of immense interest to many young men.
In 1971 during the Cambodian Civil War the Khmer Rouge rebels intensify assaults on Cambodian government positions, forcing their retreat from Kompong Thmar and nearby Ba Ray.
On this day in 1974 two Boeing 727 airliners crash. The first was TWA Flight 514, which crashes northwest of Dulles International Airport, en route from Indianapolis and Columbus to Washington, killing all 92 people on board.
- Curiously the aircraft struck Mount Weather, drawing attention to the Mount Weather facility, an underground base that comprised part of the US government's 'Continuity of Government' system for use in the event of a nuclear war.
- Of course the facility could be much more..
The other plane to crash was Northwest Airlines Flight 6231, which crashes northwest of John F. Kennedy International Airport, in Harriman State Park near Stony Point, with only three crew aboard.
In 1984 NASA conducts the Controlled Impact Demonstration (the 'Crash In the Desert'), wherein a modifed airliner is deliberately crashed in order to test technologies and gather data to help improve survivability of crashes.
In 1989 the right-wing military rebel Reform the Armed Forces Movement attempts to oust Philippine President Corazon Aquino in a failed but bloody coup d'état.
In 1990 the Channel Tunnel sections started from the United Kingdom and France officially meet beneath the seabed. Though in fact a 5cm pilot hole allowed the service tunnel to break through 30OCT,
Ideas? Suggestions? Requests?
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Post by missyfan45 on Dec 3, 2020 22:32:11 GMT
Sergey Kirov, Juan Lavalle,José Núñez de Cáceres, John Evelyn,Charlemagne,John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy, Francis Walsingham, John Quincy Adams ,Henry Clay,Catherine of Valois, Pope Leo III,Andrew Jackson,Henry V of England ,and Leonid Nikolaev are good people to meet. The channel tunnel could be a good base under siege scenario. And the draft lottery could be changed saving some peoples lives in a ah story.
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Post by Catsmate on Dec 4, 2020 20:14:57 GMT
02DEC
In 1244 Pope Innocent IV arrives at Lyon for the First Council of Lyon, an ecumenical council he called due to his ongoing conflict with Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II. In fact most of the bishops attending didn't arrive until early 1245, along with representatives of emperor Baldwin II of Constantinople, Raymond VII (Count of Toulouse) and Raymond Bérenger IV (Count of Provence); in all over 250 men attended the council, which excommunicated Frederick II (something that ended the emperor's efforts to prevent Mongol incursions into Europe) and called the Seventh Crusade, which was an abject failure. n between Frederick's lands in northern Italy and his Kingdom of Sicily (the Regno) to the south, he was excommunicated three times and often . Pope Gregory IX went so far as to call him an Antichrist.
- Frederick II was an interesting man; highly educated and erudite, able to speak six languages (Latin, Sicilian, Middle High German, Langues d'oïl, Greek and Arabic) fluently, Frederick was an avid patron of science and the arts. He played a major role in promoting literature through his Sicilian royal court in Palermo, which had immense effects on later poetry, and indeed on the modern Italian language. He was something of a skeptic and rationalist in many matters, he was the first king to formally outlaw trial by ordeal. He was also an able and efficient ruler, probbaly teh first monarch to create a state resembling a modern, centrally governed kingdom with an efficient bureaucracy.
- He clashed repeatedly with the church, was excommunicated three times, frequently vilified in pro-papal chronicles of the time and after and called an Antichrist by Pope Gregory IX.
In 1697 the rebuilt (after the Great Fire) St Paul's Cathedral is consecrated in London by Henry Compton, Bishop of London. Yes the rebuilding had taken 31 years.... Opinions of Wren's new cathedral differed drastically: "Without, within, below, above, the eye / Is filled with unrestrained delight". "There was an air of Popery about the gilded capitals, the heavy arches ... They were unfamiliar, un-English ...".
In 1763 the first synagogue in what would be the United States, the Touro Synagogue, in Newport, Rhode Island, is dedicated. The first congregation were mainly Sephardic Jews, who came via the West Indies, where they participated in the triangular trade along with Dutch and English settlements. They practiced a Spanish and Portuguese Jewish liturgy and ritual. Later some early Ashkenazim joined the congregation.
In 1766 the Swedish parliament approves the Swedish Freedom of the Press Act and implements it as a ground law, thus being first in the world with freedom of speech.
In 1804 a Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris, Napoleon Bonaparte crowns himself Emperor of the French. (11 Frimaire, Year XIII according to the French Republican calendar). The ceremony was described as a "transparently masterminded piece of modern propaganda". Napoleon wanted to establish the legitimacy of his imperial reign, with its new dynasty and new nobility. To this end, he designed a new coronation ceremony unlike that for the kings of France, which had emphasized the king's consecration by the authority of the church. Napoleon's ceremony was held in the great cathedral of Notre Dame de Paris in the presence of Pope Pius VII and the ceremony was designed by Napoleon himself, from various rites and customs. Napoleon's elevation to emperor was overwhelmingly approved by the French citizens in the French constitutional referendum of 1804.
In 1805 the Battle of Austerlitz effectively ends the War of the Third Coalition. French troops under Napoleon decisively defeat a joint Russo-Austrian force. Also known as the Battle of the Three Emperors, Austerlitz was one of the most important and decisive engagements of the Napoleonic Wars and is widely regarded as the greatest victory achieved by Napoleon; the Grande Armée of France defeated a larger Russian and Austrian army led by Emperor Alexander I and Holy Roman Emperor Francis II. The battle is often cited as a tactical masterpiece, in the same league as other historic engagements like Cannae or Gaugamela.
In 1823 in the State of the Union message, US President James Monroe proclaims American neutrality in future European conflicts, and warns European powers not to interfere in the Americas, what became known as the Monroe Doctrine. The doctrine was a United States policy that opposed European colonialism and interventions in the Americas, that any intervention in the politics of the Americas by foreign powers was a potentially hostile act against the United States. However at the time the doctrine was a paper tiger, as the US had no ability to stop any power from meddling. The doctrine was issued at a time when nearly all Latin American colonies of Spain and Portugal had achieved, or were at the point of gaining, independence from the Portuguese and Spanish Empires.
In 1845 in another State of the Union message, US President James K. Polk proposes that the United States should aggressively expand into the West, a belief known as 'Manifest destiny'. The cultural belief that American settlers were destined to expand across North America was widespread in the nineteenth century United States.
In 1848 Franz Joseph I becomes Emperor of Austria. He would rule until 1916. The abdication of Emperor Ferdinand was part of Minister President Felix zu Schwarzenberg's plan to end the Revolutions of 1848 in Hungary, allowing Ferdinand's nephew Franz Joseph to accede to the throne. Franz Joseph is considered to epitomise the concept of 'reactionary' utterly opposing any limitation on his authority or any effective parliamentary system.
In 1851 French President Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte, nephew of Napoleon I, overthrows the Second Republic to avoid leaving the French presidency. The following year on this date he founded the Second French Empire, becoming Emperor of the French as Napoleon III; he its only emperor until the defeat of the French Army and his capture by Prussia and its allies in the Franco-Prussian War in 1870. Napoleon III commissioned a grand reconstruction of Paris carried out by his prefect of the Seine, Baron Georges-Eugène Haussmann, and launched similar public works projects in Marseille, Lyon and other French cities. Napoleon III modernized the French banking system, expanded and consolidated the French railway system, and made the French merchant marine the second largest in the world. He promoted the building of the Suez Canal and established modern agriculture, which ended famines in France and made France an agricultural exporter.
In 1859 the militant abolitionist leader John Brown is hanged for his 16OCT raid on the Federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry in Virginia (later and currently West Virginia). The nahing occurred at 11:15AM, Brown was pronounced dead at 11:50..
- There were well-documented and specific plans to rescue Brown (Virginia Governor Henry Wise wrote to President Buchanan about them). For the the weeks Brown and six of his collaborators were held in the Jefferson County Jail in Charles Town, the town was filled with various troops and militia (always several hundred, sometimes thousands of them). The Courthouse was protected by cannon. Brown's trips from the jail to the courthouse and back, and especially the short trip from the jail to the gallows, were heavily guarded. Wise halted all non-military transportation on the Winchester and Potomac Railroad (from Maryland south through Harpers Ferry to Charles Town and Winchester), from the day before through the day after the execution. Not that such measures could stop a determined meddler with access to advanced weapons.
- The greatest bar to rescuing Brown was his own death-wish; like Pádraic Pearse decades later he adhered to a belief in 'blood sacrifice'.
- Another problem is the virtual hysteria that gripped the area; most Northerners (including journalists) had been run out of town. This is not a good place for strangers to appear.
In 1867 at Tremont Temple in Boston, the British author Charles Dickens gives his first public reading in the United States. His visit had been delayed by the US Civil War, so it wasn't until 09NOV that Dickens set sail from Liverpool for his second American reading tour. After arriving in Boston, he devoted the rest of the month to a round of dinners with such notables as Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, and his American publisher, James Thomas Fields. Dickens performed 76 readings, netting £19,000, from DEC1867 to ARP1868, mainly in Boston and New York.
- He also went sleighing in Central Park.
- He also narrowly avoided a Federal tax lien on his departure on 23APR.
In 1899 the Battle of Tirad Pass, known as 'The Filipino Thermopylae' is fought during the Philippine–American War. The battle saw less than sixty Filipino troops in a rear guard hold off over five hundred Americans, allowing President Emilio Aguinaldo and the majority of his troops to escape.
In 1939 the New York Municipal Airport (later LaGuardia) opens. It cost New York City $23 million to turn the tiny North Beach Airport into a modern 220 hectare modern facility and at the time it was widely considered a vast waste of money.
In 1942 a team led by Enrico Fermi activates Chicago Pile 1, thus beginning the first artificial self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction. The secret development of the reactor was the first major technical achievement for the Manhattan Project and was run by the Metallurgical Laboratory at the University of Chicago; the pile was constructed under the west viewing stands of the original Stagg Field. Although the project's civilian and military leaders had misgivings about the possibility of a disastrous runaway reaction, they trusted Fermi's safety calculations and decided they could carry out the experiment in a densely populated area. Fermi described the reactor as "a crude pile of black bricks and wooden timbers". The reactor contained 45,000 ultra-pure graphite blocks weighing 330 tonnes, 4,900kg of metallic uranium metal and 41 tonnes of uranium oxide. It utterly lacked any cooling system (not needed due to the low level of activity) or radiation shielding.
In 1943 a routine Luftwaffe bombing raid on the harbour of Bari in Italy, sinks numerous cargo and transport ships. However among them is the American Liberty ship SS John Harvey, which is carrying a stockpile around two thousand chemical bombs, each loaded with around 39 kilogrammes of mustard gas. The raid involved 105 German Junkers Ju 88 bombers of Luftflotte 2 and achieved complete surprise; a total of 27 cargo and transport ships were sunk in around one hour. The sulphur mustard was a routine, but secret, cargo; intended to be used in retaliatory attacks if Germany carried out its threat to use chemical warfare in Italy (such shipments were not uncommon during the war; while there was no significant military use of CW in Europe the threat remained). At the time no-one in the harbour area knew of the chemical agent and this added significantly to the military and civilian causalities; many sailors who had abandoned their ships into the water became covered with the mixture of oil and mustard. Medical staff focussed on personnel with blast or fire injuries and little attention was given to those merely covered with oil.
Within a day the first symptoms of mustard poisoning had appeared in 628 patients and medical staff, including blindness and chemical burns. That puzzling development was further complicated by the arrival of hundreds of Italian civilians also seeking treatment, who had been poisoned by a cloud of mustard gas which had blown over the city when some of John Harvey's cargo exploded. As the medical crisis worsened, little information was available about what was causing the symptoms, because the US military command wanted to keep the presence of chemical munitions secret from the Germans. The arrival of Colonel Stewart Francis Alexander, an expert in chemical warfare, was the first step in ascertaining the cause of the injuries and providing treatment, despite the official secrecy.
- Alexander also preserved many tissue samples from autopsied victims at Bari. After the war was over those samples would result in the development of an early form of chemotherapy based on sulphur mustard, Mustine.
In 1947 in the Palestine Mantate rioting and violence break out; the Jerusalem Riots see dozens of building burned and many deaths.
In 1950 the Battle of the Ch'ongch'on River in Korea ends with a decisive Chinese victory; UN forces were completely expelled from North Korea.
In 1956 the overloaded yacht Granma reaches the shores of Cuba's Oriente Province. Fidel Castro, Che Guevara and 80 other members of the 26th of July Movement disembark to initiate the Cuban Revolution. The eighteen metres diesel-powered cabin cruiser was originally a target tow boat, modified postwar to accommodate twelve passengers. The boat and it's passenger, piloted by Norberto Collado Abreu, a World War II Cuban Navy veteran and ally of Castro, left the Mexican port of Tuxpan in Veracruz shortly after midnight on 25NOV. After a series of vicissitudes and misadventures, including diminishing supplies, sea-sickness, and the near-foundering of their heavily laden and leaking craft, they disembarked on 02DEC on the Playa Las Coloradas in the municipality of Niquero. Batista had correctly predicted that the landing would take place, and his troops were ready; the landing party was bombed and strafed by helicopters and airplanes soon after landing. Many casualties ensued, only around twenty survived.
In 1975 the Pathet Lao (Laotian communist party) seizes the Laotian capital of Vientiane, forces the abdication of King Sisavang Vatthana, and proclaims the Lao People's Democratic Republic and ending the Laotian Civil War which had raged since 1959.
In 1980 during the Salvadoran Civil War, four American missionaries are raped and murdered by a death squad, made up of members of the El Salvador National Guard. The dead, Catholic missionaries from the United States working in El Salvador, were Maryknoll Sisters Maura Clarke and Ita Ford, Ursuline Dorothy Kazel, and lay missionary Jean Donovan.
In 1982 at the University of Utah, Barney Clark becomes the first person to receive a permanent artificial heart. The operation is generally unsuccessful, Clarke remains tethered to a quarter-tonne external pneumatic compressor for the 112 days he lived, suffering prolonged periods of confusion, several instances of bleeding, and asked several times to be allowed to die.
In 1988 Benazir Bhutto is sworn in as Prime Minister of Pakistan, becoming the first woman to head the government of an Islam-dominated state.
In 1993 the Space Shuttle mission STS-61, carried out by the Space Shuttle Endeavour, carries out repairs on the Hubble Space Telescope.
Ideas? Comments? Suggestions?
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Post by missyfan45 on Dec 5, 2020 1:07:48 GMT
Benazir Bhutto,King Sisavang Vatthana,Norberto Collado Abreu,Stewart Francis Alexander,Enrico Fermi,Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte,Emilio Aguinaldo,Baron Georges-Eugène Haussmann, Pope Innocent IV,Henry Compton,Holy Roman Emperor Francis II, Barney Clark,Franz Joseph I,James Monroe,Maura Clarke Ita Ford, Ursuline Dorothy Kazel,Jean Donovan, and James Thomas Fields are good people to meet. And LaGuardia airport could be good for a base under siege story.
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Post by Catsmate on Dec 5, 2020 15:37:01 GMT
I rather like a "base under siege" in a fog-bound airport, say in the '50s or '60s before routine night operations. A small group stuck there, unable to leave, makeshift overnight arrangements, few staff at cetera. And then the weird stuff starts....
IIRR an early episode of The Avengers had something like this.
ETA: no I was wrong, the episode Propellant 23 was set in an airport but it was closed overnight. It did have Nicholas Courtney in his first appearance in the series.
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Post by Catsmate on Dec 5, 2020 19:02:44 GMT
03DEC
In 915CE Pope John X crowns Berengar I of Italy as Holy Roman Emperor. Berengar had been an advisor to en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_the_Fat, one of the descendants of Charlemagne; he was elected to replace Charles in Italy after the latter's deposition in NOV0887 (see 17NOV). John X appointed him HRE as part of an attempt to forge an alliance between Berengar and the local Italian rulers in hopes that he could face the Saracens in southern Italy, this succeeded at the Battle of the Garigliano. Later in the month Berengar's wife Bertila died, almost certainly poisoned, probably instigated by her husband. There seems to have been a degree of political intrigue within Berengar's court; Bertila had been accused of infidelity and consorting with supernatural powers.
In 1799 during the War of the Second Coalition, Austrian forced defeat the French at the battle of Wiesloch. The battle was part of the complicated sequence of the French Revolutionary Wars.
A year later in 1800 the Austrians are heavily defeated at the Battle of Hohenlinden. In conjunction with First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte's earlier victory at Marengo, this will force the Austrians to sign an armistice and end the war.
In 1800 the strange methodology of the United States presidential election leads to the Electoral College casting equal numbers of votes for Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr, both of the Democratic-Republican party. Vice President Thomas Jefferson of the Democratic-Republican Party defeated incumbent President John Adams of the Federalist Party (at the time the runner-up in the presidential election became vice-president).
In 1834 the Zollverein (German Customs Union) begins the first regular census in Germany.
- Of course a census could be cover for all sorts of investigations, or reveal oddities
In 1854 in Australia the Battle of the Eureka Stockade sees more than 20 gold miners at Ballarat killed by state troopers in an uprising over mining licences. The battle was the climax to Eureka Rebellion which had sprung from a rebellion gold miners in Ballarat who revolted against the colonial authority of the United Kingdom. The Victorian gold rush spawned a wave of civil disobedience and acts of violence.
In 1904 the sixth (fifth in size) Jovian moon Himalia is discovered by Charles Dillon Perrine at California's Lick Observatory. Astronomically it's an irregular rock, about 140lm on its long axis Perrine was the first person to attempt experimental proof of relativity; as Director of the Argentine National Observatory he attempted to observe and measure of the deflection of starlight near the Sun during the solar eclipse of 10OCT11912 and 21AUG1914. Unfortunately bad weather frustrated both attempts.
In 1910 neon lighting is first demonstrated by Georges Claude at the Paris Motor Show. While neon lighting had been demonstrated before, Claude owned the company (Air Liquid) which produced large quantities of neon as a byproduct of the air liquefaction business. At the show Claude twelve metre bright red neon tubes. While Claude's work is often overshadowed by his later Nazi collaboration he dabbled in a number of fields and has been described as "the Edison of France". He experimented with generating energy by tapping temperature differences in seawater at different depths.
In 1919 after nearly 30 years of planning and construction, including two collapses causing 89 deaths, the Quebec Bridge, spanning the lower Saint Lawrence River and almost a kilometres long opens to traffic.
- Who, or what, caused the collapses?
In 1944 the Greek Civil War begins when fighting breaks out in Athens between the ELAS and government forces supported by the British Army. The civil war resulted from a highly polarised struggle between left and right ideologies that started during the German occupation in 1943. From 1944 each side targeted the power vacuum resulting from the end of occupation. The war was one of the first proxy conflicts of the Cold War. On 91DEC1944 the Greek government of "National Unity" announced an ultimatum for the general disarmament of all guerrilla forces by 10DEC; this caused the departure of the EAM ministers and led to a major demonstration on 03DEC. The demonstration was forbidden by the government, and involved around a quarter-of-a-milllion people; the marchers were fired on from several government buildings and by police with unknown casualties.
In 1960 the musical Camelot (based on the King Arthur legend and specifically White's The Once and Future King) debuts at the Majestic Theatre on Broadway; it will become associated with the Kennedy administration.
In 1967 tt Groote Schuur Hospital in Cape Town, South Africa, a transplant team headed by Christiaan Barnard carries out the first heart transplant on a human (53-year-old Louis Washkansky) Washkansky lived for 18 days and was able to speak with his wife and reporters.
- Though actually Washkansky was the second human recipient of a heart transplant; James Hardy had done a transplant in 1964 in which Boyd Rush received a chimpanzee's heart, although the patient in that case only survived an hour and did not regain consciousness.
In 1971 the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 begins when Pakistan launches a pre-emptive strike against India. The Pakistani Air Force launched strikes on the forward airbases and radar installations of the Indian Air Force on the evening of 03DEC, targeting eleven of India's airfields. There were also artillery strikes on Indian positions in Kashmir. The war was triggered by the liberation war in East Pakistan and lasted thirteen days. The war stripped Pakistan of more than half of its population and left nearly one-third of its army in captivity, clearly establishing India's military and political dominance of the subcontinent.
In 1973 the probe Pioneer 10 sends back the first close-up images of Jupiter.
In 1979 at a Who concert in the Riverfront Coliseum in Cincinnati eleven fans are suffocated in a crush for seats. The crush happened outside the Coliseum's entry doors at about 7:15PM when a crowd surged forward towards the only which had been opened. This caused many people to get trampled while some suffered more serious injuries.
In 1982 a soil sample taken from Times Beach in Missouri show massively elevated levels of the neurotoxin TCDD. The dioxin was present in oil used to spray roads and most of the town and surrounding area was heavily contaminated.
- TCDD is an extraordinarily nasty substance, highly toxic, carcinogenic and teratogenic. It is a byproduct of the naufacture of many chlorinated benzene derivatives, though it tends to be associated with Agent Orange and the Sevaso disaster.
Over the next few months the town, home to more than two thousand people, is completely evacuated and abandoned.
In 1984 another chemical disaster occurs, at Bhopal in India; a leak of toxic methyl isocyanate from a storage tank at a Union Carbide pesticide plant effects a large area. At least four thousand people die within hours; six thousand more died later and perhaps half-a-million suffer toxic effects.
In 1989 US President George Bush and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev meet off the coast of Malta; later both release statements indicating that the Cold War between NATO and the Warsaw Pact may be coming to an end.
In 1992 the Greek oil tanker Aegean Sea, carrying 80,000 tonnes of crude oil, runs aground in a storm while approaching A Coruña in Spain, and spills much of its cargo off the Galician coast during extreme weather conditions.
In 1995 Cameroon Airlines Flight 3701 crashes on approach to Douala International Airport, killing 71 of the 76 people on board.
In 1997 in Ottawa representatives from 121 countries sign the Ottawa Treaty prohibiting manufacture and deployment of anti-personnel landmines. The United States, People's Republic of China, and Russia do not sign the treaty,
- Were any other weapons banned in secrecy?
In 1999 just before it enters the Martian atmosphere the spacecraft carrying the Mars Polar Lander ceases radio communication with Earth. The lander has been intended to study the soil and climate of Planum Australe, a region near the south pole on Mars.
In 2007 severe winter storms, part of the Great Coastal Gale of 2007, cause the Chehalis River to flood many cities in Lewis County in Washington, and close a 20-mile portion of Interstate 5 for several days. At least eight deaths and billions of dollars in damages are blamed on the floods.
In 2012 at least 475 people are killed after Typhoon Bopha makes landfall on the southern Filipino island of Mindanao. Winds of nearly 300km/h were recorded.
In 2014 the Japanese space agency, JAXA, launches the space explorer Hayabusa2 from the Tanegashima Space Center on a six-year round trip mission to an asteroid to collect rock samples.
- In the Whoniverse of course bringing back asteroid samples might well be problematic...
The mission was large and complex, carrying multiple landers and probes and has been (so far successful). Hayabusa2 rendezvoused with near-Earth asteroid 162173 Ryugu on 27JUN2018 and surveyed the asteroid for a year and a half, taking samples. It departed in NOV2019 and is expected to return the samples to Earth on 06DEC2020.
Ideas? Comments?
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Post by missyfan45 on Dec 6, 2020 0:06:39 GMT
Charles Dillon Perrine, Christiaan Barnard,Louis Washkansky,James Hardy,Thomas Jefferson,Aaron Burr,Georges Claude, Berengar I, Pope John X,Mikhail Gorbachev,George HW Bush,and Bertila are good people to meet. The St Lawrence River Qquebec bridge collapsed could have been caused by something like the creature from Thin Ice. And the Hayabusa2 could have been the one to being the flood virus to earth.
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Post by Catsmate on Dec 6, 2020 19:56:33 GMT
04DEC
In 771CE Carloman I, king of Austrasia (the north-western part of the Frankish lands) and younger brother of Charlemagne dies suddenly. This leaves Charlemagne king of the now united Frankish Kingdom created by their father Pepin the Short and allows him to begin his expansion into other kingdoms. Carloman's reign had been short (less than three years) and troublesome, mainly centred in Aquitaine, which the brothers shared possession of, and which flared into rebellion upon the death of Pepin the Short. Relations between the brothers were poor, so the sudden and unexpected death of Carloman at the Villa of Samoussy was extremely convenient for Charlemagne. Officially the death was due to natural causes (a severe nosebleed is sometimes mentioned) but there are no details.
In 1110 the forces of the Kingdom of Jerusalem (under Baldwin I) aided by a Norwegian fleet of 60 ships (under Sigurd) and additional ships provided by Ordelafo Faliero (Doge of Venice) captures the coastal city of Sidon. When the city surrendered, King Baldwin gave the same terms of surrender he had previously given to Arsuf and Acre, allowing safe conduct of passage for those leaving and even allowed some members of the Muslim populace to remain in peace.
In 1259 Kings Louis IX of France and Henry III of England agree to the Treaty of Paris, in which Henry renounces his claims to French-controlled territory on continental Europe (including Normandy) in exchange for Louis withdrawing his support for English rebels. Officially the treaty ended over a century of conflicts between the Capetian and Plantagenet dynasties.
In 1563 the thirteenth and final session of the Council of Trent is held. (The council had opened on 13DEC1545.)
In 1619 thirty-eight colonists arrive at Berkeley Hundred (a land grant of about 32 km²) in the colony of Virginia.
In 1676 the Danish army under the command of King Christian V engages the Swedish army commanded by king Charles XI at the Battle of Lund in southern Sweden; to this day it is counted as the bloodiest battle in Scandinavian history (with around nine thousand dead); the decisive Swedish victory is a turning point in the Scanian War.
In 1745 the 'forty-five' reaches its pinnacle when Charles Edward Stuart's army reaches Derby, its furthest point during the Second Jacobite Rising. The expected reinforcements, of Sir Watkin Williams Wynn, were not to be found so the Council convened the following day to discuss the next steps. They decided to return to Scotland.
In 1783 at Fraunces Tavern in New York City General George Washington bids farewell to his officers, after leading the Continental Army for 8½ years. He resigned his commission a few days later. That evening, only a week after British troops had evacuated New York (see 25NOV) the tavern hosted an elaborate "turtle feast" dinner in the Long Room; after speaking to the gathered men he took each one of his officers by the hand for a personal word.
In 1864 at Waynesboro in Georgia Union forces, under General Judson Kilpatrick, prevent Confederate troops, led by General Joseph Wheeler, from interfering with Sherman's March to the Sea, the campaign that would destroy a wide swath of the South on his march to the Atlantic Ocean from Atlanta.
In 1872 the crewless American brigantine Mary Celeste drifting in the Atlantic, is discovered by the Canadian brig Dei Gratia. The ship has been abandoned for nine days but is only slightly damaged. Her master Benjamin Briggs and all nine others known to have been on board are never accounted for.
In 1875 the notorious New York City politician 'Boss' Tweed escapes from prison; he is later recaptured in Spain.
In 1893 the First Matabele War begins with the destruction of Wilson's Patrol (a patrol of 34 British South Africa Company soldiers) when it is ambushed and annihilated by more than 3,000 Matabele warriors on the Shangani River in Matabeleland (later Rhodesia, now Zimbabwe). Its dramatic last stand, sometimes called "Wilson's Last Stand", achieved a prominent place in the British public imagination and, subsequently, in Rhodesian history, similarly to events such as the Battle of the Little Bighorn in the United States, the Battle of Shiroyama in Japan, the Battle of the Alamo in Texas, and the Greeks' last stand at Thermopylae.
In 1918 US President Woodrow Wilson sails for the World War I peace talks in Versailles, aboard the S.S. George Washington, becoming the first US president to travel to Europe while in office. Wilson personally headed the American delegation at a peace conference charged with drafting a comprehensive treaty that would mark the end of the war.
In 1942 Carlson's patrol during the Guadalcanal Campaign ends. The Long Patrol as it is often called was an operation by the 2nd Marine Raider Battalion under the command of Evans Carlson during the Guadalcanal Campaign against the Imperial Japanese Army. It lasted from 06NOV to 04DEC and severely disrupted Japanese attempts to regroup their forces.
In 1949 Sir Duncan George Stewart, Governor of Sarawak, is fatally stabbed by Rosli Dhobi, a member of the Rukun 13, apolitical group seeksing to merge the tiny colony into union with newly independent Indonesia. At the time the British government claimed that those involved were attempting to restoring Anthony Brooke to the throne of Sarawak to avoid conflict with Indonesia.
In 1964 police arrest over 800 students at the University of California in Berkeley, following their takeover and sit-in at the administration building in protest of the UC Regents' decision to forbid protests on UC property.
In 1965 NASA launches the Gemini 7 mission, crewed by Frank Borman and Jim Lovell. Gemini 7 spacecraft was an important part of planning for the Apollo missions and the establishment of space stations, it was the target for the first crewed space rendezvous, performed by the crew of Gemini 6A. The two men spent nearly 14 days in space, making a total of 206 orbits.
In 1971 the Pakistani submarine PNS Ghazi sinks under mysterious circumstances during the course of the Indo-Pakistani Naval War of 1971. The boat was previously the USS Diablo a Tench-class diesel-electric fast-attack submarine. She sank near India's eastern coast while conducting naval operations en route to the Bay of Bengal. The Indian Navy credits Ghazi's sinking to its destroyer INS Rajput, this has never been accepted by the Pakistani military.
In 1977 Malaysian Airline System Flight 653 is hijacked and crashes in Tanjong Kupang in Johor, killing 100. There is little information about the hijackers or their intentions. The plane was on a scheduled domestic flight from Penang to Kuala Lumpur in Malaysia when routine radio communications was interrupted by a message stating: "We're now proceeding to Singapore. Good night". The plane did not have the fuel for this flight. After crashing into Tanjung Kupang the cockpit voice recorder was recovered and revealed conversation between the pilots and the hijackers about how the aircraft would run out of fuel before it could make it to Singapore, followed by a series of gunshots.
In 1979 a fire in a house on Selby Street in Hull, Yorkshire kills three children of Edith Hastie. The investigation into the Hastie fire leads police to Bruce George Peter Lee who confesses to eleven acts of arson, which killed 26 people. None of the others cases were previously thought to be criminal. Lee was imprisoned for life in 1981. Although Lee was the most prolific killer in the UK at the time, he received relatively little national publicity, possibly because he was convicted of manslaughter rather than murder (on the grounds of mental impairment) and also because the trial of Peter Sutcliffe, a much more high-profile case, was ongoing at the same time.
In 1984 during the Sri Lankan Civil War, troops of the Sri Lankan Army murder over two hundred Tamil civilians in Mannar. The attack was triggered when three Army jeeps hit a land mine, killing one soldier. In retaliation the Central hospital, the post office, a Roman Catholic convent as well as villagers working in rice paddy fields and bus passengers were attacked.
In 1998 the Unity Module, the second module of the International Space Station, is launched. It connects the Russian and United States segments of the station, and is where crew eat meals together.
In 2017 a wildfire, later called the Thomas Fire, starts near Santa Paula in California. It eventually becomes the largest wildfire in modern California history (at that time) after over eleven hundred square kilometres of land in Ventura and Santa Barbara counties. The fires took more than a month to contain and wasn't declared extinguished until JUN2018.
Suggestions? Ideas? Requests?
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Post by missyfan45 on Dec 7, 2020 2:13:13 GMT
Bruce George Peter Lee,Frank Borman Jim Lovell,Evans Carlson,Edith Hastie,Sir Duncan George Stewart,, Rosli Dhobi,Watkin Williams Wynn,Judson Kilpatrick,Charles Edward Stuart, Carloman I,King Christian V,Woodrow Wilson(his boat could have sunk in a ah), George Washington, and Baldwin I are good people to meet. And the Council of Trent could be a good pure historical.
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Catsmate
13th Incarnation
It's complicated....
Posts: 3,753
Favourite Doctors: Thirteen, Six, Five, Two, Eight, Eleven, Twelve, One, Nine...
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Post by Catsmate on Dec 7, 2020 15:55:08 GMT
05DEC
In 63BCE the Roman politician, orator, philosopher and Consul, Marcus Tullius Cicero gives the fourth and final of the Catiline Orations, regarding the plotting of Lucius Sergius Catilina and his co-conspirators (who were supposedly planning to overthrow the Senate and Republic). The speech is made in front of the Senate, meeting in the Temple of Concord because of the threat to the city, and in the presence of Julius Caesar, Cato the Younger and other notable figures of the era and persuades the Senate to authorise the execution of the plotters. The exact speech given has been lost.
In 633 in he church of Saint Leocadia in Toledo the Fourth Council of Toledo begins, under the presidency of the elderly bishop and philosopher Isidore of Seville. Attended by almost all the bishops of the Visigothic kingdom, the council authorised stringent measures Jews who lapsed, and matters of church discipline. One of the most noted decisions was the decree that ordered all bishops to establish seminaries in their cathedral cities, along the lines of the school founded at Seville by Isidore. These couls later broaden their curriculum and slowly morph into the first universities.
In 1082 Ramon Berenguer II, Count of Barcelona, is (probably) assassinated. Like William Rufus he officially dies in a "hunting accident" while hunting in the woods outside the town. His brother, Berenguer Ramon, who went on to become the sole ruler of Catalonia (the brothers had inherited the county jointly from their father) is generally believed to have arranged the killing.
- A historical mystery to resolve, preferably without altering events or attracting too much attention. Curiously Ramon was also nicknamed for his hair, 'towhead'.
In 1408 Emir Edigu of the Golden Horde reaches Moscow. In fact when Edigu (who was originally a Turkic Muslim) began his invasion of Russia in 1408 (the Russians not having paid the required tribute to the Horde for several years) he controlled what was basicllay a new political entity, the Nogai Horde. During the campaign Edigu had the cities of Nizhny Novgorod, Gorodets and Rostov burned, along with many other towns.
In 1484 Pope Innocent VIII issues the Summis desiderantes affectibus, a papal bull that authorises Heinrich Kramer and Jacob Sprenger as inquisitors to root out alleged witchcraft in Germany. The bull was written by the request of Kramer (at the time a Dominican Inquisitor) for papal confirmation of his explicit authority to prosecute witchcraft in Germany; previously various local ecclesiastical authorities had refused to assist him, and sometimes actively hindered his efforts. In fact the bull was as much a political gesture, motivated by jurisdictional disputes between the local German Catholic priests and clerics from the Office of the Inquisition who answered more directly to the pope, as a sign of papal interest in witchcraft and its suppression. Despite the bull, Kramer still had problems obtaining the support he demanded, causing him to retire and to compile his views on witchcraft into his notorious book Malleus Maleficarum, which would trigger a new round of accusations, imprisonment, torture and killing.
In 1492 Christopher Columbus becomes the first European to set foot on the island of Hispaniola (now Haiti and the Dominican Republic). Probably.
In 1496 King Manuel I of Portugal issues a decree ordering the expulsion of Jewish "heretics" from the country.
In 1560 on the death of his older brother (Francis II) Charles IX becomes king of France at the age of ten. Soon after the tensions between Catholic and Protestant factions in the country become violent, leading to the French Wars of Religion. Charles would allowed the massacre of the Huguenot leaders known as the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre, and begin the Siege of La Rochelle. Besides his age and immaturity, one of the problems with the reign of Charles was the influence his mother and regent, Catherine de' Medici, had over him; Catherine was a fervent Roman Catholic who supported the persecution of the Huguenots.
His older brother died at the age of sixteen, from unknown and mysterious causes. After becoming king after the death of Henry II on 10JUL1559, Francis suffered bouts of ill-health, and fainting. His death was stated to be due to an 'ear condition', though the nature of the illness is unknown and stories of a Protestant poison plot were widespread.
The Henry II is also odd; he suffered a minor injury during a jousting match, being wounded in the eye by a fragment of the splintered lance of Gabriel Montgomery, captain of the King's Scottish Guard. It's likely that the efforts of royal surgeon Ambroise Paré (who later failed to cure Francis) exacerbated the condition; the king died of sepsis on 10JUL.
In 1757 during the Seven Years' War, Frederick II of Prussia leads Prussian forces to a decisive victory over Austrian forces under Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine in the Battle of Leuthen. In the battle Frederick's Prussian army made excellent use of maneuver and terrain to completely rout a larger Austrian force. The overwhelming victory ensured Prussia's control of Silesia. Within 48 hours Frederick had laid siege to Breslau, which resulted in that city's surrender on 20DEC. The battle also established beyond doubt Frederick's military reputation in European circles; it was arguably his greatest tactical victory.
- Just the place for a warrior-historian conducting field research.
In 1766 auctioneer James Christie holds his first sale in former warehouse of Richard Dalton, in Pall Mall in London. He will found the eponymous firm of auctioneers that continues today. Christie was describes as of "tall and dignified appearance, remarkable for eloquence and professional enthusiasm"; he was also an intimate of Garrick, Reynolds, and Gainsborough, amongst others.
In 1775 at Fort Ticonderoga, Henry Knox begins his historic transport of artillery to Cambridge in Massachusetts to assist the American Revolution. The Knox Expedition dragged about 55 tonnes of artillery pieces and their supporting materials from northern New York state to Cambridge in Massachusetts, a distance of around five hundred kilometres, during winter. The expedition took ten weeks, travelling by boat, horse, ox-drawn sledges, and human effort, along poor-quality roads, across two semi-frozen rivers, and through the forests and swamps of the lightly inhabited Berkshires to the Boston area. It was a significant logistic feat and one that enabled Washington to force the British army to abandon Boston. The total cost (Knox kept detailed accounts), was £521.
In 1776 Phi Beta Kappa, the oldest academic honor society in the US, holds its first meeting at the College of William & Mary. Well actually they met at the Raleigh Tavern, a common meeting area off the college campus. Whether the students organised to meet more freely and discuss non-academic topics, or to discuss politics in a Revolutionary society isn't known (so someone who investigate).
In 1848 word of the California Gold Rush reaches the world when US President James K. Polk confirms to the United States Congress that large amounts of gold had been discovered in California. In fact the gold rush began on 24JAN with the discovery of gold by James Marshall at Sutter's Mill in Coloma, California. The news of the gold strikes brought approximately 300,000 people to California from the rest of the United States and abroad and the sudden influx of gold into the money supply reinvigorated the American economy. Other consequences included the rapidly accession of California to statehood and the acceleration of California Genocide.
In 1865 in the Chincha Islands War, Peru allies with Chile against Spain when the latter attempts to seize of the guano-rich Chincha Islands, and to reassert its influence over its former South American colonies. From a modern perspective it may seem curious that islands, whose only natural resource was mounds of bird excrement, were of value. However until the early twentieth century guano was a vital resource, the principal source of nitrates fro gunpowder and other explosives and fertilisers. The war saw the use of the then new iron armoured warships, and the circumnavigate the world by the Spanish ironclad Numancia.
In 1931 the destruction ohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abyssinia_Crisisf the Cathedral of Christ the Saviour in Moscow begins, on orders from Joseph Stalin. The church was built during the 19th century (taking more than forty years) and was the scene of the 1882 world premiere of Tchaikovsky's 1812 Overture. The demolition was supposed to make way for a colossal Palace of the Soviets to house the country's legislature, but this never happened. In 1958 the site was transformed into the world's largest open air swimming pool, Moskva Pool.
In 1934 the Abyssinia Crisis continues as Italian troops attack Wal Wal in Abyssinia, taking four days to capture the city.
In 1941 during the Battle of Moscow, Soviet Marshal Georgy Zhukov launches a massive Soviet counter-attack against the German army. More than a million troops are committed to the offensive.
In 1943 Allied air forces begin attacking Germany's secret weapons bases in Operation Crossbow.
- In addition to the historical rocket bases what other, more outré, threats might have been targeted?
In 1945 Flight 19, a training group of five US Navy Avenger torpedo bombers, disappears in the Bermuda Triangle. The aircraft and crews were engaged in an overwater navigation training flight from the Naval Air Station at Fort Lauderdale in Florida. All 14 crew were lost. In addition a Martin PBM Mariner flying boat that was set to search for them was also lost, with its crew of thirteen. The explanation for the disappearances is probably prosaic; the crews were on a training exercise and probably got lost (an easy thing in the days before modern navigational aids) before ditching in the ocean and being lost in stormy seas. The PBM flying boat had a known problem with fuel vapour accumulating and exploding (a ship did see something of this kind that night). Of course later the aircraft became part of the highly distorted Triangle lore.
In 1952 in London the Great Smog begins when a cold fog combines with air pollution and windless conditions; the smog brings the city to a standstill for four days. Later a Ministry of Health report estimates 4,000 fatalities as a result of it, though more detailed studies estimate at least twelve thousand deaths and over a hundred thousand people suffering respiratory problems. The smog, far worse than usual, occurred because of a conjunction of weather conditions; a period of unusually cold weather, combined with an anticyclone and windless conditions, collected airborne pollutants (nostly from the use of high sulphur coal) to form a thick layer of smog over the city. It lasted from Friday 05DEC until Tuesday 09DEC, before dispersing quickly when the weather changed. The smog led to changes in practices and regulations, including the Clean Air Act of 1956.
An idea environment for strange happenings, from mundane murders, to alien predators. In addition to featuring in period fiction the Great Smog has appeared twice in the Whoniverse, with the Third and Tenth doctors present.
In 1955 E. D. Nixon and Rosa Parks begin the Montgomery bus boycott.
In 1971 at the Battle of Gazipur Pakistani forces are defeated as India cedes Gazipur to Bangladesh.
In 2005 the eastern provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo are shaken by the magnitude 6.8 Mw Lake Tanganyika earthquake. Six people are known to have died.
In 2006 Commodore Frank Bainimarama overthrows the government in Fiji.
In 2014 Exploration Flight Test 1, the first flight test of the Orion spacecraft, is launched without crew, to test the craft's systems.
Ideas? Suggestions?
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Post by missyfan45 on Dec 8, 2020 0:15:46 GMT
Frank Bainimarama,(the reality show survivor was filing at the time so that might become a hostage situation in a ah)E. D. Nixon,Rosa Parks,Georgy Zhukov,James Marshall,James K. Polk,Henry Knox,Frederick II of Prussia, James Christie, Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine,Richard Dalton, Isidore of Seville,King Manuel I,Francis II,Pope Innocent VIII, Heinrich Kramer,Jacob Sprenger,Ambroise Paré, Ramon Berenguer II,Marcus Tullius Cicero,Lucius Sergius Catilina,Catherine de' Medici,Emir Edigu,and Charles IX are good people to meet. The great smog could have been caused by aliens from a gas giant. And the gold rush could involve ice warriors or cybermen.
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Catsmate
13th Incarnation
It's complicated....
Posts: 3,753
Favourite Doctors: Thirteen, Six, Five, Two, Eight, Eleven, Twelve, One, Nine...
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Post by Catsmate on Dec 8, 2020 11:54:57 GMT
06DEC In 963CE Leo VIII assumes the office of pope after being ordained successively as ostiarius, lector, acolyte, subdeacon, deacon and priest (the minor and major holy orders); two days earlier the Holy Roman Emperor Otto I had effectively appointed him pope. Otto had taken control of Rome and forcing the previous pope, John XII, to flee the city; Otto then convened a synod and had John deposed in favour of Leo. However the supporters of John (aided by extensive bribes) staged at least two revolts against the new pope (currently considered an Antipope by the church); the first (early in JAN0964) was quickly and brutally suppressed by Otto's troops. The second, later that month after Otto and most of his troops had left, forced Leo to flee. Curiously for the period after the death of John XII (14MAY0964) the Catholic church considers Leo VIII to be the valid pope....
In 1060 Béla I is crowned king of Hungary. The background to his coronation is complicated; Béla had settled in Poland after the execution of his father Vazul in 1031 but was invited to return by his brother Andrew, who had in the meantime been crowned King of Hungary. Andrew assigned the administration of around one-third of the country to Béla, but the two brothers' relationship became tense when Andrew had his own son, Solomon, crowned king, and forced Béla to publicly confirm Solomon's rights. Béla, assisted by his Polish relatives, rebelled against his brother and dethroned him in 1060. Oddly, and probably uniquely in royal history, Béla was fatally injured in the collapse of his throne, while he was sitting on it.
In 1240 during the Mongol invasion of Rus' (part of modern Russia) the city of Kyiv (modern Kiev) falls to the Mongols under Batu Khan. The Mongol conquest of Kievan Rus' was an early part of the Mongol invasion of Europe in the 13th century. Numerous cities (including Ryazan, Kolomna, Moscow, Vladimir and Kiev) were destroyed. The invasion had immense consequences for the history of Eastern Europe. The Siege of Kiev began on 28NOV and ended, after several days of bombardment, when the city's walls were breached on 06DED and hand-to-hand combat followed in the After the Mongols won they plundered Kiev in an orgy of theft, rape and murder. Most of the population (around 48,000 out of perhaps 50,000) were killed and most of the city was burned.
In 1648 the Long Parliament of England is sequestrated by Parliamentarian troops under Colonel Thomas Pride and purged of Members considered overly sympathetic to King Charles I. This purge enables the King's trial and execution to go ahead. At the time, despite his defeat in the First English Civil War and generally trecherous behavious, Charles I retained significant political power. Convinced only his removal could end the conflict, senior commanders of the New Model Army took control of London on 05DEC, as a prelude to the purge.
As the MPs arrived, Pride checked their names against a list of those considered enemies of the Army, assisted by Lord Grey of Groby, who helped identify them; the list contained names of 180 of the 470 eligible members. A total of 140 MPs were refused entry by Pride, 45 of whom were arrested, and held in two inns in the Strand. More than 80 other Members, who remained in London refused to attend; this left around 156 members present in London, with another 40 or so absent elsewhere, which became known as the Rump Parliament.
In 1704 during the Mughal-Sikh Wars, an outnumbered Sikh Khalsa defeats a Mughal army in the Battle of Chamkaur. In fact the scope of the skirmish is often overstated, only small numbers were involved.
In 1846 American and Californio forces clash at the Battle of San Pasqual, near San Diego.
In 1884 the Washington Monument in Washington, DC is completed when the 1.5 tonne marble capstone is placed on the top, surmounted by w 22cm pyramid of cast aluminum. The construction had taken almost fifty years. The monument is a hollow Egyptian style stone obelisk with a 152 metre tall column surmounted by sixteen metre 'pyramidion'. The walls are 4.5 metres thick at its base, tapering to about 45cm at the top.
In 1901 a mishandled execution at Danville in Arkansas, left Bud Wilson alive even after he had been removed from the scaffold. Wilson who'd been convicted of killing a guard at the Yell County jail was hanged at 9:45AM and taken down twenty minutes later, lowered into a coffin. At the lid was about to be placed on the coffin the body began moving about. Wilson opened his eyes and his whole body spasmed. The county deputies overseeing the execution had him carried up the steps to the scaffold for a second attempt. Wilson died from his injuries before he could be executed a second time.
In 1907 a coal mine explosion at Monongah in West Virginia, kills at least 362 workers. The Monongah mining disaster was the worst mining disaster in American history, and led to the creation of the United States Bureau of Mines. There were officially 367 men in the two mines, although the actual number was far higher as officially registered workers often took their children and other relatives into the mine to help. At 10:28AM an explosion occurred (probably methane or coal dust ignited) and killed most of those inside the mine instantly, as well as causing extensive damage to the mine and the surface systems, including the ventilation systems.
In 1912 – The Nefertiti Bust, an iconic painted stucco-coated limestone bust of Nefertiti (Great Royal Wife of Egyptian pharaoh Akhenaten) is discovered in the workshop of Thutmose in Amarna in Egypt. It had become one of the most iconic and copied works of ancient Egypt and Nefertiti has become one of the most famous women of the ancient world and an icon of feminine beauty. The bust was discovered by a German archaeological team led by Ludwig Borchardt.
In 1917 a collision between two ships, the SS Mont-Blanc (a French cargo ship carrying high explosives) and the Norwegian freighter SS Imo outside Halifax Harbour leads to a massive explosion which devastates the city of Halifax and kills at least two thousand people. The collision ruptured barrels of fuel on the deck of the Mont-Blanc which poured over the deck and into the cargo holds, where it ignited and spread to the explosive cargo. The blast was the largest human-made explosion at the time, ar around three kilotonnes. Mont-Blanc was under orders from the French government to carry her cargo from New York City via Halifax to Bordeaux in France. At roughly 8:45AM she collided at low speed (about one knot) with the unladen Imo, chartered by the Commission for Relief in Belgium to pick up a cargo of relief supplies in New York. At 9:04:35AM the Mont-Blanc exploded, destroying most buildings within a kilometres and dispersing debris for several more.
Relief efforts were hampered the following day by a blizzard that blanketed Halifax with 42cm of heavy snow. Trains en route from other parts of Canada and from the United States were stalled in snowdrifts, and telegraph lines that had been hastily repaired following the explosion were again knocked down. Halifax was isolated by the storm, and rescue committees were forced to suspend the search for survivors; the storm aided efforts to put out fires throughout the city.
In 1920 the saga of the "Sicilian Sleeping Beauty" begins when Rosalia Lombardo dies from the Spanish Infliuenza, one week before her second birthday. Rosalia's parents asked the renowned embalmer Alfredo Salafia to preserve their child's body for placement in the Catacombe dei Cappuccini in Palermo, on the Italian island of Sicily. For almost a century thousands of visitors have seen her well-preserved remains inside of a glass-topped coffin.
In 1921 the Anglo-Irish Treaty is signed in London by British and Irish representatives, ending the Irish War of Independence
In 1922, one year to the day after the signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty, the Irish Free State comes into existence.
In 1928 at the insistence of the United Fruit Company, and under threat of US military intervention, the government of Colombia sends military forces to suppress a month-long strike by United Fruit Company workers. This leads to the 'Banana massacre' and a number of deaths, estimated at between one hundred and two thoudand.
In 1941 'Camp X' (officially Special Training School No. 103) opens in Canada, on the northwestern shore of Lake Ontario between Whitby and Oshawa in Ontario, to begin training Allied agents for operations in Occupied Europe.
In 1942 in the Polish villages of Stary Ciepielów and Rekówka, German Field Gendarmerie massacre 31 Poles for helping Jews escape; two Jewish refugees are also murdered.
In 1943 the first Jews are shipped out of Italy; a train took prisoners from Milan and Verona to the Auschwitz concentration camp.
That same day between 19 and 29 inmates of the Jaworzno concentration camp were hanged in front of the other internees after their plans to build a tunnel were betrayed to the authorities.
In 1956 the "Blood in the Water" water polo match between Hungary and the USSR takes place during the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, against the backdrop of the Hungarian Revolution of 1956. Hungary won, 4-0, after the match was abandoned. The term was coined after Hungarian player Ervin Zádor emerged during the last two minutes with blood pouring from above his eye after being punched by Soviet player Valentin Prokopov.
In 1957 NASA's Project Vanguard fails when the rocket carrying Vanguard TV3 explodes on the launchpad. Vanguard Test Vehicle-Three was the first attempt of the United States to launch a satellite into orbit around the Earth, after the successful Soviet launches of Sputnik 1 and Sputnik 2. Vanguard TV-3 was a small satellite designed to test the launch capabilities of the three-stage Vanguard and study the effects of the environment on a satellite and its systems in Earth orbit.
In 1967 Adrian Kantrowitz performs the second human heart transplant, the first in the United States. The patient, an infant lived for only six hours.
In 1969 the Altamont Free Concert, held at the Altamont Speedway near Tracy in California and performed by the Rolling Stones, four people are killed. One drowns attempting to enter the venue, two are killed by a car leaving the roadway and eighteen-year old Meredith Hunter is stabbed to death by Hells Angels employed as security guards.
In 1989 Marc Lépine, an anti-feminist gunman, murders 14 young women at the École Polytechnique in Montreal. He entered a mechanical engineering class at the École Polytechnique and ordered the women and men to opposite sides of the classroom. He separated nine women, instructing the men to leave. He stated that he was "fighting feminism" and shot at all nine women in the room, killing six. Lépine then moved through corridors, the cafeteria, and another classroom, targeting women for just under 20 minutes. He killed a further eight before turning the gun on himself.
In 1990 a MB-326 jet trainer of the Italian Air Force, abandoned by its pilot after an on-board fire, crashed into a high school near Bologna in Italy, killing 12 students and injuring 88 other people.
In 1992 the Babri Masjid in Ayodhya in India is attacked and demolished, by a mob of over 150,000 people. This led to widespread religious rioting and the deaths of over two thousand people.ed in Pakistan and Bangladesh.
In 1997 a Russian Antonov An-124 Ruslan cargo plane crashes into an apartment complex near Irkutsk in Siberia, killing 67. The transport aircraft was en route from Irkutsk to Cam Ranh Air Base in Vietnam.
In 2006 NASA reveals photographs taken by Mars Global Surveyor suggesting the presence of liquid water on Mars.
Ideas? Suggestions?
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Post by missyfan45 on Dec 8, 2020 22:09:26 GMT
Béla I, Adrian Kantrowitz,Ervin Zádor, Rosalia Lombardo,Alfredo Salafia ,Colonel Thomas Pride,Lord Grey of Groby,Batu Khan,Bud Wilson,Vazul,Sikh Khalsa,John XII, Meredith Hunter,Bud Wilson, and Marc Lépine are good people to meet.The United Fruit Company could have a galactic counterpart in the future. And the Halifax explosion could have been caused by aliens or it could be a tragic pure historical.
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